LABOR MARKET PROBLEMS IN UZBEKISTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIA

The article discusses general issues of the development of the labor market in Uzbekistan in the context of the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic. In the course of the presentation, the ongoing reforms on the generalization and structuring of the main elements of the international and national labor market associated with the human capital index are investigated, its functions are systematized, the factors of its evolutionary development are classified, as well as the role of the labor market in the formation of a platform for sustainable development of the economy and the national economies that form it.

LABOR MIGRATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS: THEORY AND PRACTICE UNDER MODERN CONDITIONS

The article analyzes methodological approaches to assessing the impact of factors of international labor migration on the socio-economic development of the country. The analysis of the state and dynamics of changes in indicators of international labor migration in the Republic of Belarus is carried out on the basis of the use of official statistical data of the competent authorities. Conclusions are made about the influence of the parameters of international labor migration on the national labor market of Belarus in modern conditions.

Prospects Of The Prognosis For The Legalization Of Informal Employment In Uzbekistan

On the basis of the constructed econometric model on the factors that determine the degree of employment in the informal sector, forecast indicators of the prospects for the development of the national labor market have been developed.

LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF SYSTEM CRISIS

The study deals with identifying trends in the labor market in Ukraine, which is significantly influenced by threatening external and internal factors. The authors prove in the article that the incentives to reform this market today are significantly weakened by the negative effects of the crisis, which covers all spheres of life — from the economy to health care. It was found that the negative trends of the world and national markets contribute to the decline in the quality of human capital of labor resources, worsen the structure of the national labor market. The multi-vector nature of the crisis leads to the formation of a multiplicative effect — its various aspects increase the influence of each other. As a result, the negative pressure of the crisis factors on the national labor market is increasing with growing pace. The authors prove that the old extensive approach of managers to the use of labor resources of Ukraine has outlived itself. The existing model and approaches to its reform given the current scale of threatening trends do not meet the criteria of effectiveness. Ukraine needs a new labor market model. The efforts of government officials and the influence of the business community should be aimed at forming a model whose goals will be: stabilizing the economic, social and political situation in Ukraine, reducing the risk of uncontrolled growth of social tensions, forming a flexible response to neutralize the effects of the crisis. It is pointed out that the lack or even slowdown of the reaction to the existing negative tendencies inherent in the labor market in Ukraine can cause significant and drastic social and political changes. The originality of the article is stipulated by the need to identify labor market trends under the influence of the crisis and the situation on the world labor market, identify factors that lead to the consolidation of an extensive labor market model in a permanent crisis, identify factors that contribute to this and negative consequences for the economy.

PROTECTION OF THE NATIONAL LABOR MARKET

This article examines one of the country's top priorities, such as protecting the national labor market. The modern labor market plays a unique role in the state of the Russian economy. The specificity of this phenomenon is expressed in the diversity of labor resources: Russian and foreign. The bearer of labor power is man, it is he who represents the power of production of the whole society. The labor resource possesses a set of intellectual and physical abilities, values, norms and labor characteristics, which should, first of all, be assessed by the state and the employer in building labor relations. The improvement of the labor market is led by the improvement in the indicators of the economically active population, the level of unemployment and employment. The external labor market is distinguished by its openness and accessibility. The jobs are predominantly occupied by foreign workers. The high level of flows of foreign labor in the Russian Federation forces the state authorities to promptly respond to the situation. The state pays attention, first of all, to providing jobs for the citizens of its country to prevent unemployment. But for a stable economic situation, foreign labor is also required, which is why the state seeks to quantitatively and qualitatively regulate the attraction of foreign flows. Modern Russia is characterized by the western way of attracting foreign labor and limiting migration, it consists in the gradual introduction of a point system for individual assessment of the labor potential of each foreign worker.

Standard and New Forms of Employment: Diversification of Opportunities in the Context of Digitalization and Globalization

The article is aimed at examining the current trends in the formation of employment structure and the peculiarities of both the standard and the «new» models of labor to determine the risks and opportunities for using various forms of employment in Ukraine in the conditions of the crisis of instability. The factors of demand (regulation of employment, creation of conditions for the development of highly intellectual employment and individual economic activity, technological development, economic cycles, etc.) and supply (personal characteristics of employees: age, gender, education, level of qualification) are analyzed, which influence the choice of employment forms and determine their use in the national labor market. The peculiarities (employment mode, remuneration and qualifications of employed people, their socio-demographic characteristics) of certain forms of employment in Ukraine are disclosed on the basis of the analysis of microdata of a sample survey of the population on issues of economic activity. It is determined that in Ukraine the most common was a permanent form of employment, other more flexible or even precarious forms of employment developed and functioned along with it, the regularities of usnig them were determined by the interaction of factors of the labor supply and demand. The results of the research justify the existence of a link between the stability of the form of employment and the factors of the labor supply, which include age, gender and educational qualification level. It is proved that the achievement of competitiveness of the national labor market will be determined by the complex use of various forms of employment to balance the demand and supply of labor in the conditions of digitalization and globalization of the economy.

Determinants influencing the decision of internal migration in the context of an emerging country

Internal migration plays a crucial role in influencing real changes in local area population size and in facilitating the efficient functions of regional and national labor market and housing. This study is conducted to investigate the elements at the household level and others at the provincial level, which have impacts on the decision of personal migration. We used the database of household living standards surveys in 2010, 2012, and 2014 in Vietnam. Logit model was applied with array data to analyze determinants influencing the decision of personal migration. The results show that households with low living standards have a higher probability of migration. The provincial competitiveness index has a positive impact on the probability of households with migrants. The results provide the local authority with the foundation for regulation and distribution of the labor market on an effective basis. Based on the findings, some implications are proposed in the context of emerging countries and Vietnam as the case study

Human development in Ukraine. Priorities of the national policy of minimizing the asymmetry of the Ukrainian labor market

The monograph is devoted to substantiating the priorities of national policy to minimize the asymmetry of the Ukrainian labor market due to global risks. The main attention is paid to specific forms of asymmetry in the labor market, its factors and sources. A typology of global trends relevant to the development of the national labor market and the level of its asymmetry is developed. The concept of asymmetry of work and labor supply is presented, the prospects of forming a single integrated information and analytical system of labor market policy in Ukraine are identified. The materials of the monograph can be used by public authorities and social partners. Intended for graduate students and undergraduate students of economic specialties.