Reproductive History of Mothers of Children with Solitary, Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Felix-Schollaart ◽  
Jan B. Hoeksma ◽  
Jean Paul Van De Velde ◽  
Jerôme I. Puyenbroek ◽  
Birte Prahl-Andersen

The reproductive history was studied to evaluate if the three types of solitary, nonsyndromic clefts: cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CLP), and cleft palate (CP) are homogeneous entities. Occurrence of fetal loss, maternal health, and drug consumption of the mother during the pregnancy were compared in cases involving three types of clefts. Data was gathered from 87 children with clefts, 55 males and 32 females. Spontaneous abortions and vaginal bleeding were found to occur significantly more often in the (older) mother of a CLP child. This suggests that the factors involved in the etiology of CLP differ from the factors involved in CL and CP. Therefore, grouping of data of the three types of clefts in studies on the etiology should be avoided.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Agbenorku ◽  
M. Yore ◽  
K. A. Danso ◽  
C. Turpin

Background. Cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common orofacial congenital anomalies. This study is to establish Orofacial Clefts Database for Kumasi, Ghana, with a view to extend it to other cities in future to obtain a national orofacial anomaly database. Methods. A descriptive prospective survey was carried out at eleven selected health facilities in Kumasi. Results. The total number of live births recorded was 27,449. Orofacial anomalies recorded were 36, giving an incidence of 1.31/1000 live births or 1 in 763 live births. The mean maternal age of cleft lip/palate babies was 29.85 years (range 18–40 years). The male : female ratio for the orofacial anomalies babies was 1.3 : 1; the male : female ratio was 0.5 : 1 in the cleft lip group, 1.3 : 1 in the cleft lip and palate group, and 4 : 1 in the cleft palate group. The majority of clefts were unilateral (69.4%, n=25), with females (n=14) outnumbering males (n=11). A family history of cleft was recorded with five babies (13.9%). Associated congenital anomalies were recorded in seven (19.4%) cleft lips and/or palates. Conclusion. The incidence of 1 in 763 live births found in this study indicates that cleft lip/palate is a common congenital anomaly in Kumasi.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 621-624
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar Thakur ◽  
Baleshwar Yadav ◽  
Raj Kumar Bedajit ◽  
Kailash Khaki Shrestha ◽  
Shankar Man Rai

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital anomaly, which contributes to eustachian tube dysfunction leading to impaired middle ear ventilation and middle ear pathology. It has been stated that the timely repair of cleft palate reduces the incidence of otitis media with effusion. Objective: To describe the ear findings in cleft palate patients who have undergone repair of cleft palate. Methodology: A total of 36 (20 male and 16 female) post cleft repair patients underwent Otoscopy and Tympanometry between January to December 2018. Cases with isolated cleft lip, ears with perforation of tympanic membrane and attico-antral disease were excluded. Results: The age range was from 4 years to 24 years, with a mean of 11.34 years. Maximum patients were of the age group of 10- 20 years (18, 50%) followed by that of 5-10 years range (15, 41.66%). Total number of ears examined were 72. Out of a total of 72 ears, 70 (97.2%) had abnormal otoscopic finding with dull tympanic membrane in 37 (51.39%) ears, retracted in 31 (43.05%) and bulging tympanic membrane in 2 (2.78%) cases. Type B curve was the commonest (36, 50%), followed by Type As (24, 33.3%). Type C curve was found in 11(15.3%) ears. Type A curve was found only in one ear. The duration of post-repair of cleft palate ranged from 6 months to up to 16 years with a mean of 8.52; 11 cases(30.56%) had history of repair of cleft palate of more than 10 years duration.16 cases (44.44%) had that of more than 5 years and 9 cases (25%) had less than 5 years history of duration of repair. When correlation was done statistically, the tympanometry findings and duration of repair had a very low correlation (Table 5). The time period of repair had no significant effect on tympanometric ear findings. Conclusion Abnormal otoscopic findings and tympanometric findings were common in post cleft palate repaired patients. The duration of cleft palate repair had low correlation to the tympanometric ear findings.


2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
James D. Smith ◽  
Bing Shi ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  

Objective: To present the tympanometric findings in 552 patients (115 over 10 years of age) with unrepaired cleft palate (256 had audiologic findings) and to show the natural history and outcome of these cases. Setting: The cleft lip and palate clinic for the Division of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery at the West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. Design: Pure-tone audiometric and tympanometric evaluations were performed on 552 patients with an unrepaired cleft palate. Results were analyzed by looking at the patient's age and cleft palate type. Results: This study demonstrated an age-related decrease in the frequency of hearing impairment and abnormal tympanometry. The frequency of hearing impairment and abnormal tympanometry in patients with submucous cleft palate was significantly lower than in patients from the other four major cleft palate categories (p  =  .001, p  =  .006, respectively). Conclusions: The middle ear function and hearing levels of unrepaired cleft palate patients improved with age, but at least 30% of the patients’ ears demonstrated a hearing loss and abnormal tympanometry in each age group, including those over 19 years of age. In the crucial language-learning stage, the frequency of hearing impairment and abnormal tympanometry was as high as 60%. Considering these results, palate repair and surgical intervention, such as tube insertion, for otological problems should be considered at an early age.


2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann W. Kummer ◽  
Linda Lee ◽  
Lindsay Schaadt Stutz ◽  
Adam Maroney ◽  
Jennifer Weidenbach Brandt

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the oral-motor function of children with a history of cleft lip and palate, cleft palate only, velocardiofacial syndrome, and children with normal oral structures to determine if children with velocardiofacial syndrome have more apraxia characteristics than the other populations have. Design: The Apraxia Profile (Hickman, 1997) was administered to all participants in a prospective study. Setting: The investigation was conducted at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Participants: In this study, 10 children with cleft lip and palate, 10 with cleft palate only, 7 with velocardiofacial syndrome, and 47 with normal structures were tested. Results: This study revealed that when compared with children with normal structures, children with cleft lip and palate did not demonstrate significant apraxia characteristics, children with cleft palate only demonstrated some apraxia characteristics, and children with velocardiofacial syndrome demonstrated the most apraxia characteristics. Conclusions: There appears to be a high prevalence of apraxia characteristics in the speech of patients with velocardiofacial syndrome. This information has implications for the type of treatment recommended. Further investigation is warranted with a larger patient population and a focus on the association of abnormal brain structure with apraxia in this population.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1027-1031
Author(s):  
Joshini Shanmugam ◽  
Senthil Murugan P ◽  
Suresh V

Consanguinity is considered a significant factor in autosomal recessive diseases; it has also been associated with congenital anomalies such as hydrocephalus, polydactilia and Cleft Lip and Palate deformities. The risk of congenital conditions is higher in subjects born of first degree consanguineous parents compared with those of non-consanguineous marriages. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of consanguinity with formation of cleft lip/ cleft palate formation in Tamil, Telugu population. This is a retrospective study. The details of 86,000 patient records were reviewed and analysed, out of which 76 patients who had undergone surgical treatment for cleft lip and cleft palate deformities between June 2019 to march 2020 were included in this study. The details like age, gender, family history and cleft diagnosis were evaluated and entered in SPSS and analysed through a chi-square test. It was observed that 11% of patients reported with history of consanguineous marriages which was associated with formation of cleft lip/palate. Within the limits of the study, it was concluded that consanguinity had a significant role in formation of cleft lip/cleft palate.


2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somchit Jaruratanasirikul ◽  
Vichai Chichareon ◽  
Nuria Pattanapreechawong ◽  
Pasuree Sangsupavanich

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics, demographic data, and associated congenital anomalies of pediatric patients with cleft lip and/or palate in Southern Thailand. Design: Retrospective, hospital-based study. Setting: Cleft Clinic Center, Songklanagarind Hospital Participants: Children with cleft lip and/or palate who were born or seen at Songklanagarind Hospital between January 1997 and December 2006. Main Outcome Measure: Clinical features including demographic data, types of cleft, associated anomalies, family history of clefts, and physical growth. Results: A total of 153 children were seen during the studied period, of whom 36 (23.5%) had isolated cleft lip, 32 (20.9%) had isolated cleft palate, and 85 (55.6%) had combined cleft lip and palate. Twenty-seven children (17.7%) had a family history of clefts. Congenital malformations (syndromic cleft) were found in 20 children (13%), and chromosomal abnormalities were found in four of these (20%). There were no significant differences among the three groups (isolated cleft lip, isolated cleft palate, and combined cleft lip and palate) in maternal and paternal ages, gestational age, birth weight, family history of cleft, or associated malformations. The physical growth parameters of children with nonsyndromic cleft were the same as in the general population. Children with syndromic cleft were significantly lighter at birth and had grown up significantly shorter and lighter, with smaller head circumference. Conclusions: Chromosomal abnormalities are commonly found in children with syndromic cleft. Children with nonsyndromic cleft have normal growth; whereas, those with syndromic cleft have some degree of prenatal and postnatal growth restriction.


2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117-1124
Author(s):  
Adriane Baylis ◽  
Linda D. Vallino ◽  
Juliana Powell ◽  
David J. Zajac

Objective: To determine vocabulary and lexical selectivity characteristics of children with and without repaired cleft palate at 24 months of age, based on parent report. Participants: Forty-nine children with repaired cleft palate, with or without cleft lip (CP±L; 25 males; 21 cleft lip and palate, 28 CP only), 29 children with a history of otitis media (OM) and ventilation tubes (21 males), and 25 typically developing (TD) children (13 males). Main Outcome Measure(s): Parent-reported expressive vocabulary was determined using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences. Results: Vocabulary size was reduced for children with repaired CP±L compared to children in the TD group ( P = .025) but not the OM group ( P = .403). Mean percentage of words beginning with sonorants did not differ across groups ( P = .383). Vocabulary size predicted sonorant use for all groups ( P = .001). Conclusions: Children with repaired CP±L exhibit similar lexical selectivity relative to word initial sounds compared to noncleft TD and OM peers at 24 months of age, based on parent report.


Author(s):  
David J. Zajac ◽  
Hannah Whitt ◽  
Adriane Baylis ◽  
Maura Tourian ◽  
Katie Garcia

Objective The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine if cleft type and/or history of otitis media with effusion (OM) contribute to backing of /t/ and/or /s/ in young children with and without repaired cleft palate (CP). Method Participants were 39 children ( M age = 36 months, range: 34–41). Ten children had repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP), nine had repaired CP only, 12 had no clefts but histories of OM, and eight were typically developing (TD) without clefts or OM history. All children were video- and audio-recorded during administration of the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation–Third Edition (GFTA-3). Standard scores of articulation, frequency of alveolar backing, and first spectral moments of the /t/−/k/ and /s/−/ʃ/ phonetic contrasts were obtained. Results Children with CLP had lower GFTA-3 scores than both TD ( p = .012) and OM ( p = .001) groups. Fisher's exact test showed that significantly more children with CLP backed alveolar targets, mostly /s/, than children with CP ( p = .020). Children with CLP also had (a) reduced /t/−/k/ spectral difference compared to TD children ( p = .016) and (b) reduced /s/−/ʃ/ spectral difference compared to both children with CP ( p = .010) and children with OM ( p = .018). Children with OM had reduced /t/−/k/ spectral difference compared to TD children ( p = .009). Conclusions Cleft type contributes to alveolar backing and reduced spectral contrast of /s/−/ʃ/ in 3-year-old children with repaired CP. History of OM affects spectral contrast of /t/−/k/ in noncleft children. Etiology and clinical implications of alveolar backing are discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa Robbins ◽  
Yuri A. Zarate ◽  
Larry D. Hartzell

This report describes the presentation of a newborn male with circumferential tongue-palate fusion associated with cleft palate and alveolar bands. After intraoral adhesions lysis, the patient was diagnosed with Pierre Robin sequence. A family history of cleft lip and palate was noted, and interferon regulatory factor 6 ( IRF6) sequencing revealed a heterozygous variant, confirming the diagnosis of van der Woude syndrome. The disruption of IRF6 resulted in abnormal orofacial development including micrognathia and intraoral adhesions as well as tongue-palate fusion, then resulting in glossoptosis with airway obstruction and cleft palate.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Sanzida Khatun

Introduction: Cleft lip and/or palate is a congenitally persistent space affecting orofacial region. It is generally divided into cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP) and cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP). The objective of the study was to evaluate distribution of patterns of orofacial clefts according to sex and laterality; predisposing factors and other congenital anomalies associated with cleft lip and/or palate. Materials & Method: A cross-sectional descriptive type of study was carried out using in 268 patients having cleft lip and/or palate. Types of clefts, predominance of sex and laterality, familial history, associated anomalies and drug and disease history of mother were recorded. Result: The results revealed 23.51% CL, 54.85% CLP and 21.64% CP. There were 58.21% males and 41.79% females. Positive family history of cleft was present in 28.0% and associated anomalies were observed in 3.7% of the cleft subjects. Mothers of 6.0% of the total patients were exposed to teratogenic agents during first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: It was concluded that among the three types of cleft (CL, CP and CLP), CLP is the most common type. The males are affected more with cleft lip and/or palate than the females. Clefts also have risks of associated congenital anomalies. Exposure to teratogenic agents in first trimester of pregnancy is also associated with orofacial cleft.


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