Importance of Maintaining Normal Nasal Function in the Cleft Palate Patient

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph F. Wetmore
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Adenoid Tissue ◽  
External Nose ◽  
Nasal Anatomy ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Function ◽  
Nasal Function ◽  
Palate Patient ◽  
Lateral Walls

The external nose is a structure that provides prominence to the face. The internal nose is a paired nasal cavity that extends from the face to the pharynx. Turbinates are major structures within the lateral walls of the nose. They perform the major functions of the nose that include respiration, humidification, temperature regulation, and filtration of the inspired air. Conditions that obstruct the nose interfere with its optimal function. These range from acute or chronic infection to enlarged tonsils and adenoid tissue to nasal septal deviation. Surgeons caring for patients with clefts must have familiarity with nasal anatomy and function and conditions that alter them. Correction of these conditions may require medical and/or surgical treatment.

Nasal Anatomy and Function

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 003-008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchin Patel
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Nasal Reconstruction ◽  
Facial Aesthetics ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Nasal Anatomy ◽  
And Function ◽  
Nasal Function ◽  
Nasal Defects

AbstractThe nose is a complex structure important in facial aesthetics and in respiratory physiology. Nasal defects can pose a challenge to reconstructive surgeons who must re-create nasal symmetry while maintaining nasal function. A basic understanding of the underlying nasal anatomy is thus necessary for successful nasal reconstruction.

Pediatric Replantation after Traumatic Amputation at the Distal Forearm: Rehabilitation Protocol and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas C. Oleck ◽  
Radhika Malhotra ◽  
Haripriya S. Ayyala ◽  
Ramazi O. Datiashvili
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Distal Forearm ◽  
Left Forearm ◽  
Traumatic Amputation ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocol ◽  
Microsurgical Technique ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
And Function

AbstractMajor limb replantation is a formidable task, especially in the pediatric setting. While meticulous microsurgical technique is required in the operating room, the authors aim to highlight the importance of postoperative rehabilitation therapy for optimal function. We highlight the case of a 12-year-old boy who suffered complete traumatic amputation through the distal left forearm. The limb was successfully replanted with successful restoration of sensation and function with the aid of intensive postoperative occupational therapy. A multidisciplinary team is of paramount importance to maximize function of a replanted upper extremity.

scholarly journals Management of the Crooked Nose

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Jessica W Scordino ◽  
Frederick J Stucker
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Crooked Nose ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Function ◽  
Nasal Function

ABSTRACT Aim: To describe an approach for the diagnosis and management of patients presenting with crooked nose. Background Patients with crooked nose suffer from functional ailments, most significant nasal obstruction, as well as esthetic concerns which may impact their self-image as well as others’ perception of them. As such, management of the crooked nose is an especially challenging task in that it demands careful attention to both nasal function and appearance. There are a plethora of surgical techniques which may be utilized, and the surgeon's approach must be tailored to each individual patient's presentation. Technique Accurate diagnosis is imperative for a successful outcome and relies on a thorough history and careful physical examination. Surgical intervention may be addressed by either an endonasal or open approach based on the location and severity of the deformity. It is helpful to break down the nose in vertical thirds when planning your surgical approach. Different techniques are used to address the upper third comprising the nasal bones, middle third composed of the upper lateral cartilages and septum, and the lower third composed of the lower lateral cartilages and caudal septum. Conclusion Management of the crooked nose is a technically challenging endeavor that highlights the need to address both form and function for a successful outcome. Effective treatment can significantly improve a patient's quality of life leading to a high level of satisfaction for both the patient and the surgeon. How to cite this article Scordino JW, Stucker FJ. Management of the Crooked Nose. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(3):168-172.

scholarly journals Neural contributors to trauma resilience: a review of longitudinal neuroimaging studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa R. Roeckner ◽  
Katelyn I. Oliver ◽  
Lauren A. M. Lebois ◽  
Sanne J. H. van Rooij ◽  
Jennifer S. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Stress Resilience ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sensory Cortices ◽  
Life Stressor ◽  
Threat Cues ◽  
And Function

AbstractResilience in the face of major life stressors is changeable over time and with experience. Accordingly, differing sets of neurobiological factors may contribute to an adaptive stress response before, during, and after the stressor. Longitudinal studies are therefore particularly effective in answering questions about the determinants of resilience. Here we provide an overview of the rapidly-growing body of longitudinal neuroimaging research on stress resilience. Despite lingering gaps and limitations, these studies are beginning to reveal individual differences in neural circuit structure and function that appear protective against the emergence of future psychopathology following a major life stressor. Here we outline a neural circuit model of resilience to trauma. Specifically, pre-trauma biomarkers of resilience show that an ability to modulate activity within threat and salience networks predicts fewer stress-related symptoms. In contrast, early post-trauma biomarkers of subsequent resilience or recovery show a more complex pattern, spanning a number of major circuits including attention and cognitive control networks as well as primary sensory cortices. This novel synthesis suggests stress resilience may be scaffolded by stable individual differences in the processing of threat cues, and further buttressed by post-trauma adaptations to the stressor that encompass multiple mechanisms and circuits. More attention and resources supporting this work will inform the targets and timing of mechanistic resilience-boosting interventions.

scholarly journals NetFACS: Using network science to understand facial communication systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mielke ◽  
Bridget M. Waller ◽  
Claire Pérez ◽  
Alan V. Rincon ◽  
Julie Duboscq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Resampling Methods ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
The Face ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
And Function

AbstractUnderstanding facial signals in humans and other species is crucial for understanding the evolution, complexity, and function of the face as a communication tool. The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) enables researchers to measure facial movements accurately, but we currently lack tools to reliably analyse data and efficiently communicate results. Network analysis can provide a way to use the information encoded in FACS datasets: by treating individual AUs (the smallest units of facial movements) as nodes in a network and their co-occurrence as connections, we can analyse and visualise differences in the use of combinations of AUs in different conditions. Here, we present ‘NetFACS’, a statistical package that uses occurrence probabilities and resampling methods to answer questions about the use of AUs, AU combinations, and the facial communication system as a whole in humans and non-human animals. Using highly stereotyped facial signals as an example, we illustrate some of the current functionalities of NetFACS. We show that very few AUs are specific to certain stereotypical contexts; that AUs are not used independently from each other; that graph-level properties of stereotypical signals differ; and that clusters of AUs allow us to reconstruct facial signals, even when blind to the underlying conditions. The flexibility and widespread use of network analysis allows us to move away from studying facial signals as stereotyped expressions, and towards a dynamic and differentiated approach to facial communication.

The Changing Face and Function of Museums

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
The Face ◽  
National Museums ◽  
And Function ◽  
A Site ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
New Museology

Museums are currently undergoing a number of changes as a repercussion of their histories and professional developments, and of new social and cultural contexts, not to mention as a result of pressure from competition and economic forces. This article explores the current ‘reinvention’ of museums — in particular, national museums — by examining some of the factors of change — some of the major internal pressures that have been the result of museological initiatives and also various exogenous influences. New museology and postcolonialism represent not only separate forces, but also a synthesis of pressures that are not only changing the face, but also the role, of museums, whilst also transforming relationships between museums and their users. A concern of this study is to look at those museums which have a ‘nationalising’ function, and to determine whether changing policies and practices are inhibiting or advance a renegotiation of the relationships between museums and their constituencies. In the last two decades, we have seen some trends confirmed. There has been a move from material culture studies to concern with the ideas contained in objects, whilst the older notion of the museum as a treasure house has given way to a stronger educative role and, more recently, an information centre and also a site of leisure, entertainment and identity-formation. These ‘reinventive’ processes, it is suggested, are closely allied to a postcolonial imperative.

Open Rhinoplasty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginger Xu ◽  
Paul Hwang ◽  
Nargiz Seyidova ◽  
Samuel J. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Postoperative Management ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Open Rhinoplasty ◽  
Nasal Tip ◽  
Nasal Anatomy ◽  
Nasal Function ◽  
Type Of Surgery

Rhinoplasty is often considered the black box of plastic surgery. This apprehension can be overcome by having a fine-tuned understanding of nasal anatomy, developing an appreciation for nasal aesthetics, and becoming well-versed in the array of surgical techniques available to address specific cosmetic and functional concerns. Technical care and finesse are required in this type of surgery, where even 1 mm of change can result in a profound difference. Nasal function must also be assessed and preserved during rhinoplasty. Aside from these technical points, it is equally important to accurately and thoroughly understand each patient’s goals and to communicate the realistic outcomes and limitations of what can be done through surgery.   Key words: open rhinoplasty, nasal anatomy, nasofacial analysis, rhinoplasty techniques, rhinoplasty preoperative evaluation, rhinoplasty postoperative management, lateral nasal osteotomies, nasal tip grafts, nasal tip suture techniques This review contains 23 figures, 2 tables, and 43 references.

The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Septal Cartilage ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Nasal Cartilages ◽  
Orbital Roof ◽  
External Nose ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Walls

The nasal cavity is the entrance to the respiratory tract. Its functions are to clean, warm, and humidify air as it is inhaled. Respiratory mucosa covered by pseudostratified ciliated epithelium and goblet cells, as described in Chapter 5 and illustrated in Figure 5.2B, lines the majority of the nasal cavity. The cilia and mucus trap particles, thus cleaning the air; the mucus also humidifies the air and warming is achieved through heat exchange from blood in the very vascular mucosa. The efficiency of all these processes is increased by expanding the surface of the nasal cavity by folds of bone. The nasal cavity also houses the olfactory mucosa for the special sense of olfaction although the olfactory mucosa occupies a very small proportion of the surface of the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity extends from the nostrils on the lower aspect of the external nose to the two posterior nasal apertures between the medial pterygoid plates where it is in continuation with the nasopharynx. Bear in mind that in dried or model skulls, the nasal cavity is smaller from front to back and the anterior nasal apertures seem extremely large because the cartilaginous skeleton of the external nose is lost during preparation of dried skulls. As you can see in Figure 27.1 , the nasal cavity extends vertically from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid at about the level of the orbital roof above to the palate, separating it from the oral cavity below. Figure 27.1 also shows that the nasal cavity is relatively narrow from side to side, especially in its upper part between the two orbits and widens where it sits between the right and left sides of the upper jaw below the orbits. The nasal cavity is completely divided into right and left compartments by the nasal septum . From the anterior view seen in Figure 27.1 , you can see that the surface area of lateral walls of the nasal cavity are extended by the three folds of bone, the nasal conchae. The skeleton of the external nose shown in Figure 27.2 comprises the nasal bones, the upper and lower nasal cartilages, the septal cartilage, and the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum.

scholarly journals Improved Detection of Inundation below the Forest Canopy using Normalized LiDAR Intensity Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan W. Lang ◽  
Vincent Kim ◽  
Gregory W. McCarty ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
In-Young Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Inundation Maps ◽  
The Face ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
And Function ◽  
Normalization Process

To best conserve wetlands and manage associated ecosystem services in the face of climate and land-use change, wetlands must be routinely monitored to assess their extent and function. Wetland extent and function are largely driven by spatial and temporal patterns in inundation and soil moisture, which to date have been challenging to map, especially within forested wetlands. The objective of this paper is to investigate the different, but often interacting effects, of evergreen vegetation and inundation on leaf-off bare earth return lidar intensity within mixed deciduous-evergreen forests in the Coastal Plain of Maryland, and to develop an inundation mapping approach that is robust in areas of varying levels of evergreen influence. This was achieved through statistical comparison of field derived metrics, and development of a simple yet robust normalization process, based on first of many, and bare earth lidar intensity returns. Results demonstrate the confounding influence of forest canopy gap fraction and inundation, and the effectiveness of the normalization process. After normalization, inundated deciduous forest could be distinguished from non-inundated evergreen forest. Inundation was mapped with an overall accuracy between 99.4% and 100%. Inundation maps created using this approach provide insights into physical processes in support of environmental decision-making, and a vital link between fine-scale physical conditions and moderate resolution satellite imagery through enhanced calibration and validation.

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