Topology and pressure distribution reconstruction of an englacial channel

Glacier hydrology describes water movement over, through and under glaciers and ice sheets. Water reaching the ice bed influences ice motion and ice dynamical models, therefore requiring a good understanding of glacier hydrology, particularly water pressures and pathways. However, as in situ observations are sparse and methods for direct observations of water pathways and internal pressures are lacking, our understanding of the aforementioned pathways and pressure remains limited. Here, we present a method that allows the reconstruction of planar subsurface water flow paths and spatially reference water pressures. We showcase this method by reconstructing the 2D topology and the water pressure distribution of an englacial channel in Austre Brøggerbreen (Svalbard). The approach uses inertial measurements from submersible sensing drifters and reconstructs the flow path between given start and end coordinates. Validation on a supraglacial channel shows an average length error of 3.9 m (5.3 %). At the englacial channel, the average length error is 107 m (11.6 %) and the average pressure error 3.4 hPa (0.3 %). Our method allows mapping sub- and englacial flow paths and the pressure distribution within, thereby facilitating hydrological model validation. Further, our method also allows the reconstruction of other, previously unexplored, subsurface fluid flow paths.

An examination of refugee protection attitudes in Southeast Asia

<p>This thesis examines how Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand and Malaysia sought to articulate attitudes towards refugee protection during the Indochinese and Rohingya refugee crises. While countries in Southeast Asia are known to be reluctant to discuss and participate in refugee protection, preferring to follow the norm of non-interference encapsulated in the ‘ASEAN Way’ in recent years, over time, attitudes towards refugee protection have varied significantly. The thesis explores the internal and external pressures that have impacted on changing perceptions of refugee protection in Southeast Asia. To explore changes in refugee protection attitudes, I conduct a comparative case study between the Indochinese and Rohingya refugee crises, analysing the responses and the rationale justifying the level of refugee protection in Thailand and Malaysia. These two countries have employed a variety of arguments such as ethnicity, religion and economic costs of treaty accession to inform their practices of refugee protection. In addition, regional/international dynamics and the labelling of refugees have also affected the level of refugee protection as well. Overall, their selective engagement with international refugee law; ethnic considerations; regional influences and the securitisation of refugee crises contribute most to arguments as to why refugee protection attitudes in Southeast Asia have remained poor. My findings indicate that due to the overlapping nature of these factors, any examination of refugee protection attitudes cannot be answered adequately by a single explanation, be it the practice of non-interference or a non-ratification of the 1951 Refugee Convention. These attitudes are mostly influenced by internal pressures, with national and regional factors interacting in tandem to produce higher levels of insecurity for the refugees studied in this thesis. Ultimately, this thesis will demonstrate that while refugee protection attitudes in the two refugee crises were influenced by shifting notions of national security, race and regional dynamics, not much has changed in terms of the consequences for refugees.</p>

An examination of refugee protection attitudes in Southeast Asia

<p>This thesis examines how Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand and Malaysia sought to articulate attitudes towards refugee protection during the Indochinese and Rohingya refugee crises. While countries in Southeast Asia are known to be reluctant to discuss and participate in refugee protection, preferring to follow the norm of non-interference encapsulated in the ‘ASEAN Way’ in recent years, over time, attitudes towards refugee protection have varied significantly. The thesis explores the internal and external pressures that have impacted on changing perceptions of refugee protection in Southeast Asia. To explore changes in refugee protection attitudes, I conduct a comparative case study between the Indochinese and Rohingya refugee crises, analysing the responses and the rationale justifying the level of refugee protection in Thailand and Malaysia. These two countries have employed a variety of arguments such as ethnicity, religion and economic costs of treaty accession to inform their practices of refugee protection. In addition, regional/international dynamics and the labelling of refugees have also affected the level of refugee protection as well. Overall, their selective engagement with international refugee law; ethnic considerations; regional influences and the securitisation of refugee crises contribute most to arguments as to why refugee protection attitudes in Southeast Asia have remained poor. My findings indicate that due to the overlapping nature of these factors, any examination of refugee protection attitudes cannot be answered adequately by a single explanation, be it the practice of non-interference or a non-ratification of the 1951 Refugee Convention. These attitudes are mostly influenced by internal pressures, with national and regional factors interacting in tandem to produce higher levels of insecurity for the refugees studied in this thesis. Ultimately, this thesis will demonstrate that while refugee protection attitudes in the two refugee crises were influenced by shifting notions of national security, race and regional dynamics, not much has changed in terms of the consequences for refugees.</p>

Blackout: Theatre, Rugby and Samoan Masculine Identities

<p>This thesis examines key ideas concerning masculinity and Samoan identity, focusing on the external and internal pressures placed on Pacific Island athletes in New Zealand and abroad to inform the development of an original script, Blackout. In 2014, as part of an Honours script-writing course, I wrote a first draft for my first full-length play. Inspired by the work of Samoan playwright Oscar Kightley, Blackout is a play that intersects the story of four young Pacific Island boys in their last year of College with the journey of a talented young Pacific Islander in his mid-20s trying to make his way in the Professional Rugby world. This thesis is part of a practice-based research project, comprising a 60% theory-based thesis (25,000 words) and 40% practical component, developing the script through three workshop productions. The two working questions the thesis and production process centre on are, firstly how the experiences of young second generation Samoan males can be explored through a contemporary theatre text, enabling the research to develop the story and characters of the play. The second,how the development of this script can enhance an understanding of what it is to be an emerging playwright, grounding the piece in personal experiences and contributing discoveries for young Pacific Playwrights. The practical elements of the project will be evaluated through the submission of two scripts,the first draft and the final working script, the reflection of this process in the thesis including facets of a workbook and in the presentation of the final performance itself, a copy of which will be made available to all markers. What drives the project is a desire to see how the experiences of young, male, Samoans might be represented theatrically and how this might be an effective way of connecting with community. This process has opened up two further questions, being: What is the role of the writer in the rehearsal room? What are the dramaturgical challenges of developing a script in-progress?</p>

Blackout: Theatre, Rugby and Samoan Masculine Identities

<p>This thesis examines key ideas concerning masculinity and Samoan identity, focusing on the external and internal pressures placed on Pacific Island athletes in New Zealand and abroad to inform the development of an original script, Blackout. In 2014, as part of an Honours script-writing course, I wrote a first draft for my first full-length play. Inspired by the work of Samoan playwright Oscar Kightley, Blackout is a play that intersects the story of four young Pacific Island boys in their last year of College with the journey of a talented young Pacific Islander in his mid-20s trying to make his way in the Professional Rugby world. This thesis is part of a practice-based research project, comprising a 60% theory-based thesis (25,000 words) and 40% practical component, developing the script through three workshop productions. The two working questions the thesis and production process centre on are, firstly how the experiences of young second generation Samoan males can be explored through a contemporary theatre text, enabling the research to develop the story and characters of the play. The second,how the development of this script can enhance an understanding of what it is to be an emerging playwright, grounding the piece in personal experiences and contributing discoveries for young Pacific Playwrights. The practical elements of the project will be evaluated through the submission of two scripts,the first draft and the final working script, the reflection of this process in the thesis including facets of a workbook and in the presentation of the final performance itself, a copy of which will be made available to all markers. What drives the project is a desire to see how the experiences of young, male, Samoans might be represented theatrically and how this might be an effective way of connecting with community. This process has opened up two further questions, being: What is the role of the writer in the rehearsal room? What are the dramaturgical challenges of developing a script in-progress?</p>

Emerging challenges to greening of supply chains: an empirical study

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the greening practices adopted by micro, small and medium enterprises in India and recommend an empirically tested and validated green supply chain management (GSCM) practices construct. The study also aims at measuring the influence of pressures created by external and internal stakeholders on the GSCM score.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a mixed-method approach. Qualitative methods, including literature review, expert opinion, focused group discussions and questionnaire-based surveys, were used for item generation and data collection. Quantitative methods included exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to find out the reasonable number of constructs to include in the scale of the GSCM practice, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to purify/confirm the scale, and finally, structural equation modelling (SEM) to select the best fit model and to test all causal relationships as portrayed in the base model. In the two-stage survey, convenience and purposive sampling methods were applied.FindingsThe study develops an empirically validated scale of GSCM practices, which has 6 dimensions and 16 items. This scale can measure the greening score of GSCM practices implementation. Further, findings confirm that the pressures from external and internal stakeholders are the significant forces for micro, small and medium enterprises to adopt GSCM practices. Finally, mediation function of external/internal pressures and green factors also does occur where GSCM is the mediator.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is an extension of available literature on GSCM practices utilizing the survey data from India. It contributes to the literature on micro, small and medium enterprises and GSCM practices implementation and expands the scope of theoretical applications.Practical implicationsFor the managers, it provides useful insights about innovative practices to become eco-efficient. The second-order of scale reveals that managers need to equally focus on all factors rather than on any single one. Less GSCM practices score indicates the dearth of external and internal pressures on micro, small and medium enterprises. Therefore, managers need to collaborate with local customers, overseas customers, competitors and legislative agencies. Besides, training of employees, literacy of employees and support from top management also emerge as critical measures that help the industry implement GSCM practices.Originality/valueGSCM as a topic had been extensively explored within different business areas and functions in the available literature. However, this study has some significant values. At prima facie, the study is the first that elucidates GSCM practices by incorporating the effects of pressures of different stakeholders in the context of Indian micro, small and medium enterprises which is considered as the most unorganized sector. Second, the proposed model of the study could provide useful direction for GSCM practices implementation in the unorganized sector in developing nations. Third, the study can also benefit academicians interested in the researched topic, organizations within different sectors and any other party interested in understanding more the concept of GSCM.

Case: Sharing Parts and Services Among NATO Members

NATO’s goals require close cooperation of Member States on operational readiness, interoperability of their systems, material supplies, transfer of technology and joint R&D projects. A common approach on the application and implementation of arms export controls, however, is largely lacking. This chapter questions the absence of application and implementation of arms export controls in the context of the material logistical support and services provided by the NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA). Three root causes of deviant behaviour of the Member States with the arms export controls are identified and analysed: (1) fragmentation of the arms export control laws and regulations; (2) a lack of leadership commitment and organisational culture of compliance; and (3) a combination of external and internal pressures leads to a forced prioritization of operational readiness above compliance. Next, a response is formulated to effectively counter deviant behaviour such as non-compliance with arms export controls by implementing a mixture of soft and hard controls. We advise the NSPA to create a culture of compliance within the NATO Partnership Program’s community based on ethical values and virtues. This requires social consensus, leadership commitment and a common agreement on and formalization of the basic rules of export control.

Sudan faces internal pressures over ICC trials

Headline SUDAN: Government faces internal pressures over ICC

Pelaksanaan Penyuluhan tentang Gangguan Menstruasi dan Pembagian Buku Saku pada Wanita Usia Subur di Desa Penyengat Olak Kec. Jambi Luar Kota Kab. Muaro Jambi Tahun 2019

Women of reproductive age have many problems or abnormal menstruation, such as menstrual syndrome and irregular menstruation (Johnson, 2004). Women of reproductive age in modern times are often faced with various psychosocial, medical and economic problems, which can cause stress for women who are unable to adapt to external and internal pressures. So stress can be said as an etiologic factor of menstrual disorders. (Kaplan and Manuck, 2004; Wang et al., 2004). Stress is a physiological, psychological response of humans trying to adapt and regulate both internal and external pressures. This community service activity aims to make women of childbearing age aware of the importance of knowing about types of menstrual disorders and how to overcome them. The activities carried out from April 2019, the activities carried out were: implementation of menstrual disorders and the distribution of pocket books to women of childbearing age (WUS) in Penyengat Olak Village, Kec. Jambi Outer City District. Muaro Jambi Year 2019. So that the Puskesmas officers continue to improve counseling, especially about various types of menstrual disorders and how to overcome them

Hydrogen Storage in Cryogenic, Cybernetic, and Catalytic Vessels for Transport Vehicles

Most of the hydrogen storage vessels meant for vehicles to run the electric motor via a fuel cell during transport are designed for drives of only a few tenths of kilometers per day. The present report, however, describes a vessel model that is conceived to hold the hydrogen energy only for short periods during transport, such as a few hours. This would include transport via a light-duty vehicle, a taxi, or a bus, which would load liquid hydrogen at a station every morning for the day. This is a simple model based on the novel concept of Double Open Vessel (DOV), in which the liquid H2 is loaded inside an open container inserted inside another open container. The walls of this DOV are constituted of simplified linings that allow the entry of thermal heat nearly a hundred times greater than that allowed by the cryo-compressed vessels with higher insulation. After loading, the liquid evaporates, while the gas flows around its initial container into which it was loaded, passes through a few porous plugs, and is gradually released towards the Fuel Cell (or toward an ignition motor). Such a counter-flow of the gas creates a retroaction effect that insulates the inner container, thereby delaying the increases in temperature and pressure. The successive porous plugs installed in the space between the two containers form a system of barrages that regulate the gas flow through successive expansions of decreasing pressures. In addition, these catalytic plugs convert a portion of the loaded hydrogen into its ortho variety, acting as a heat pump, while temporarily storing the other portion. Collectively, these effects maintain the internal pressures below 150 bar. The proposed design for the DOV models is convenient to manufacture and has a lighter weight, and consequently, a low cost.