A New Distinctive Species of Schizanthus (Solanaceae) and the Reinstatement of Schizanthus fallax

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-469
Author(s):  
Nicolás Lavandero ◽  
Javiera Chinga ◽  
Raquel Pinto ◽  
María Fernanda Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Rain Events

Abstract— A new Schizanthus species from northern Chile is described and illustrated. Schizanthus nutantiflorus was discovered based on recent collections made during unusual rain events in the Atacama Desert in 2015. The new species is distinguished morphologically from other Schizanthus species from northern Chile by its short corolla tube, with a distinct upper lip arrangement and colour, having the longest lower lip, and downward-facing flowers. Additionally, the reinstatement of Schizanthus fallax is proposed. By using both nDNA and cpDNA, phylogenetic relationships among all species of Schizanthus were investigated. Molecular and field observations, as well as an exhaustive morphological revision of fresh material and herbarium specimens, supports the segregation of Schizanthus with short corolla tubes from northern Chile into three species. We propose that, in order to fully understand both the taxonomy and evolution of Schizanthus, an integrative framework encompassing molecular, ecological, and morphological data should be carried out. Information on distribution, habitat, informal conservation status, as well as taxonomic notes and illustrations are provided. In addition, an updated key for the species of Schizanthus from northern Chile is given.

Wrongly identified material of Davilla macrocarpa (Dilleniaceae) represents two new species from Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-433
Author(s):  
Claudio Nicoletti de Fraga ◽  
João Renato Stehmann
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Endangered Plant ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Herbarium Collections ◽  
Near Threatened

Background – Davilla Vand. is a monophyletic genus and member, with other genera endemic to the Neotropics, of the Doliocarpoid clade, a natural lineage of the subfamily Doliocarpoideae J.W.Horn. Its sepals, unequal in size, with two inner ones large and crustaceous and completely covering the fruit, represent a morphological synapomorphy for the genus.Methods – Our fieldwork in remnants of the Atlantic forest in the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo, Brazil, led to the discovery of two new Davilla species. Herbarium collections were consulted for their determination and comparison with identified specimens. Morphological data were obtained through the study of herbarium specimens and of fresh material collected in the field. Key results – Davilla coriacea Fraga & Stehmann and D. undulata Fraga & Stehmann, are herein described and illustrated. Diagnostic characters and affinities of the new species are discussed, accompanied by notes on their ecology, geographic distribution and conservation status. A key to all species of Davilla sect. Homalochlaena is also provided. The new species are similar to D. sessilifolia Fraga and Davilla flexuosa A.St.-Hil. and have been identified in most herbaria as Davilla macrocarpa Eichler. In accordance with the criteria of the IUCN Red List of endangered plant species, D. coriacea and D. undulata are to be assessed as Endangered (EN) and Near Threatened (NT) respectively.

scholarly journals Taxonomic reassessment of Rehderodendron gongshanense (Styracaceae) based on herbarium specimens and field observations

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 450 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
WAN-YI ZHAO ◽  
PETER W. FRITSCH ◽  
QIANG FAN ◽  
WEN-BO LIAO
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Expanded Concept

Since its publication in 1988, Rehderodendron gongshanense (Styracaceae) has been considered endemic to Gongshan County, Yunnan Province, China and northern Myanmar. Based on morphological data from detailed field observations and examination of herbarium specimens, we demonstrate that R. gongshanense is actually a synonym of R. microcarpum, a species until now neglected taxonomically. We provide an updated description of R. microcarpum that accommodates the variation in the newly expanded concept of the species, along with comments on distribution and ecology, conservation status, specimens cited, and images of the living plants.

scholarly journals Reinstatement of Pedicularis delavayi (Orobanchaceae): a species separating from P. siphonantha revealed by phylogenetic analyses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Bin Yu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Min-Lu Liu ◽  
Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina ◽  
De-Zhu Li
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Floral Characters

Background. Morphological identification of Pedicularis depends on floral characters because interspecific variations these characters is very large. However, some important characters may be lost during the process of pressing the specimen. Pedicularis delavayi was described from Lijiang, northwestern Yunnan, and it was widely adopted as a variety of P. siphonantha. Unfortunately, the name “P. siphonantha var. delavayi’ incorrectly referred to P. milliana/P. tenuituba in some identified specimens and publications. Moreover, phylogenetic relationships between P. delavayi and P. siphonantha and its allies (P. millana and P. tenuituba) were not fully resolved. Methods. In total, we sampled 75 individuals representing 56 taxa. Of them, 10 taxa were from P. siphonantha group, and 11 individuals of P. delavayi represented 9 populations. One nuclear gene (nrITS) and four chloroplast genes/regions (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, and trnL-F) were sequenced for phylogenetic analyses. The nrITS and plastid datasets were combined to analyze. Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods were used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees. Species identification, morphological comparison and line drawing were based on field observation, dried herbarium specimens and FFA-fixed samples. Results. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the P. siphonantha group was polyphyletic: monophyletic P. delavayi, sister to P. obliquigaleata, fell into clade A; and the remaining species of P. siphonantha group was in clade B as monophyletic (i.e. P. siphonantha lineage). In the P. siphonantha lineage, P. milliana, P. siphonantha, and P. tenuituba (= P. siphonantha var. stictochila) were well supported as monophyletic, and P. dolichosiphon (≡ P. siphonantha var. dolichosiphon) was sister to P. leptosiphon. Morphologically, P. delavayi differs from species of the P. siphonantha lineage in having a long petiole (~ 50 mm) and pedicel (~ 40 mm), a ridged corolla tube, and a folded lower-lip of the corolla. Discussion. Phylogenetic analyses showed evolution of P. delavayi was independent from the P. siphonantha lineage. The long-tubular corollas in P. delavayi and P. siphonantha lineage might be a convergent character. Both morphological and phylogenetic evidence strongly supported to reinstate P. delavayi as an independent species. In addition, P. neolatituba was proposed to reduce as a new synonymy of P. delavayi.

scholarly journals Reinstatement of Pedicularis delavayi (Orobanchaceae): a species separating from P. siphonantha revealed by phylogenetic analyses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Bin Yu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Min-Lu Liu ◽  
Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina ◽  
De-Zhu Li
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Floral Characters

Background. Morphological identification of Pedicularis depends on floral characters because interspecific variations these characters is very large. However, some important characters may be lost during the process of pressing the specimen. Pedicularis delavayi was described from Lijiang, northwestern Yunnan, and it was widely adopted as a variety of P. siphonantha. Unfortunately, the name “P. siphonantha var. delavayi’ incorrectly referred to P. milliana/P. tenuituba in some identified specimens and publications. Moreover, phylogenetic relationships between P. delavayi and P. siphonantha and its allies (P. millana and P. tenuituba) were not fully resolved. Methods. In total, we sampled 75 individuals representing 56 taxa. Of them, 10 taxa were from P. siphonantha group, and 11 individuals of P. delavayi represented 9 populations. One nuclear gene (nrITS) and four chloroplast genes/regions (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, and trnL-F) were sequenced for phylogenetic analyses. The nrITS and plastid datasets were combined to analyze. Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods were used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees. Species identification, morphological comparison and line drawing were based on field observation, dried herbarium specimens and FFA-fixed samples. Results. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the P. siphonantha group was polyphyletic: monophyletic P. delavayi, sister to P. obliquigaleata, fell into clade A; and the remaining species of P. siphonantha group was in clade B as monophyletic (i.e. P. siphonantha lineage). In the P. siphonantha lineage, P. milliana, P. siphonantha, and P. tenuituba (= P. siphonantha var. stictochila) were well supported as monophyletic, and P. dolichosiphon (≡ P. siphonantha var. dolichosiphon) was sister to P. leptosiphon. Morphologically, P. delavayi differs from species of the P. siphonantha lineage in having a long petiole (~ 50 mm) and pedicel (~ 40 mm), a ridged corolla tube, and a folded lower-lip of the corolla. Discussion. Phylogenetic analyses showed evolution of P. delavayi was independent from the P. siphonantha lineage. The long-tubular corollas in P. delavayi and P. siphonantha lineage might be a convergent character. Both morphological and phylogenetic evidence strongly supported to reinstate P. delavayi as an independent species. In addition, P. neolatituba was proposed to reduce as a new synonymy of P. delavayi.

New insights on Salvia platyphylla (Lamiaceae) and description of S. pugana and S. albiterrarum, two new species from Jalisco, Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
JESÚS GUADALUPE GONZÁLEZ-GALLEGOS ◽  
ARTURO CASTRO-CASTRO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Pollination Syndromes ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Nectar Guides ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Made In

An expanded description of Salvia platyphylla with new insights based on the examination of recent herbarium specimens and observations made in the field is provided. Additionally, are included descriptions and illustrations of two new species morphologically similar to S. platyphylla. The first, S. pugana, can be distinguished from S. platyphylla by its larger calyces, magenta corollas with larger and internally epapillate tubes, longer filaments and connectives, and wider nutlets. The second, S. albiterrarum, differs from the latter by its longer corolla tubes, absence of patent white nectar guides on the lower lip, longer filaments, longer and not geniculate connectives, longer styles, with the branches and 3–5.3 mm of the apical portion exserted from the upper lip, and lower stigmatic branch straight rather than sigmoid or arquate. The three taxa are sympatric and represent western Mexico endemisms. Lastly, floral morphology differences between these species suggest valuable considerations on pollination syndromes.

scholarly journals A synopsis of the African genus Whitfieldia (Acanthaceae: Whitfieldieae) and a key to the species

Kew Bulletin ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Grall ◽  
Iain Darbyshire
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Data Deficient ◽  
Reference Specimens ◽  
African Genus

SummaryWe present a synopsis and an identification key for the 13 species and one subspecies of the African genus Whitfieldia Hook. (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Whitfieldieae). This work is based on the observation and analysis of morphological data from herbarium specimens and photographs of Whitfieldia species, and the study of all the relevant literature on the genus. Whitfieldia latiflos C.B.Clarke ex Stapf from Liberia is reinstated as an accepted species and a full description and illustration are provided. A new subspecies, W. colorata C.B.Clarke ex Stapf subsp. tigrina A.Grall & I.Darbysh., also from Liberia, is described. In addition, W. arnoldiana De Wild. & T.Durand and W. letestui Benoist are treated as synonyms of W. laurentii (Lindau) C.B.Clarke and W. preussii (Lindau) C.B.Clarke respectively for the first time. Eleven names in Whitfieldia are lectotypified. Reference specimens, relevant literature, habitat notes, distribution maps, taxonomic notes and a preliminary assessment of the conservation status and extinction risk are provided for each taxon. Four species are considered to be threatened of which two (W. latiflos and W. rutilans Heine) are assessed as Endangered (EN) while two others (W. purpurata (Benoist) Heine and W. thollonii (Baill.) Benoist) are placed in the Vulnerable (VU) category. In addition, two taxa are assessed as Near Threatened (NT) and one is currently considered to be Data Deficient (DD).

scholarly journals Reinstatement of Pedicularis delavayi (Orobanchaceae): a species separating from P. siphonantha revealed by phylogenetic analyses

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Bin Yu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Min-Lu Liu ◽  
Alisa E. Grabovskaya ◽  
De-Zhu Li
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Floral Characters

Background. Morphological identification of Pedicularis depends on floral characters because interspecific variations these characters is very large. However, some important characters may be lost during the process of pressing the specimen. Pedicularis delavayi was described from Lijiang, northwestern Yunnan, and it was widely adopted as a variety of P. siphonantha. Unfortunately, the name “P. siphonantha var. delavayi’ incorrectly referred to P. milliana/P. tenuituba in some identified specimens and publications. Moreover, phylogenetic relationships between P. delavayi and P. siphonantha and its allies (P. millana and P. tenuituba) were not fully resolved. Methods. In total, we sampled 75 individuals representing 56 taxa. Of them, 10 taxa were from P. siphonantha group, and 11 individuals of P. delavayi represented 9 populations. One nuclear gene (nrITS) and four chloroplast genes/regions (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, and trnL-F) were sequenced for phylogenetic analyses. The nrITS and plastid datasets were combined to analyze. Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods were used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees. Species identification, morphological comparison and line drawing were based on field observation, dried herbarium specimens and FFA-fixed samples. Results. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the P. siphonantha group was polyphyletic: monophyletic P. delavayi, sister to P. obliquigaleata, fell into clade A; and the remaining species of P. siphonantha group was in clade B as monophyletic (i.e. P. siphonantha lineage). In the P. siphonantha lineage, P. milliana, P. siphonantha, and P. tenuituba (= P. siphonantha var. stictochila) were well supported as monophyletic, and P. dolichosiphon (≡ P. siphonantha var. dolichosiphon) was sister to P. leptosiphon. Morphologically, P. delavayi differs from species of the P. siphonantha lineage in having a long petiole (~ 50 mm) and pedicel (~ 40 mm), a ridged corolla tube, and a folded lower-lip of the corolla. Discussion. Phylogenetic analyses showed evolution of P. delavayi was independent from the P. siphonantha lineage. The long-tubular corollas in P. delavayi and P. siphonantha lineage might be a convergent character. Both morphological and phylogenetic evidence strongly supported to reinstate P. delavayi as an independent species. In addition, P. neolatituba was proposed to reduce as a new synonymy of P. delavayi.

A new species of Salvia from the Fulgentes clade (Lamiaceae), from Puebla, Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 409 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
EMMANUEL MARTÍNEZ-AMBRIZ ◽  
ITZI FRAGOSO-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
MARTHA MARTÍNEZ-GORDILLO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Margin Entire ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Salvia from the state of Puebla, Mexico, is described and illustrated: Salvia gavilanensis sp. nov., growing in oak forests and oak scrubs, located in the Biosphere Reserve of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. The new taxon is morphologically similar to S. microphylla, but differs by the herbaceous habit (vs. suffrutescent or shrubby), the strigulose pubescence of the leaves (vs. puberulent to tomentulous), bracts with the margin irregularly denticulate and persistent until the beginning of the anthesis (vs. bracts with the margin entire and deciduous before the anthesis), papillae inside the corolla tube with bidentate apex (vs. papillae with trilobate apex), and the lower lip of the corolla shorter in length compared to the upper lip (vs. lower lip of the corolla longer than the upper lip). Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data (nuclear ITS and the plastid regions trnL-trnF and trnH-psbA) was conducted to explore the relationships of the new species. According to the results, the new species belongs to the Fulgentes clade, which is congruent with the morphology of the species. A key to distinguish Salvia gavilanensis from other species of the clade present in the reserve of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán is included.

scholarly journals Four new species of Salvia (Lamiaceae) from central Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Y. Bedolla García ◽  
SERGIO ZAMUDIO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Terminal Inflorescence ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial

Four new species of Salvia are described and illustrated. These come from central Mexico in the region studied in the project Flora del Bajío y de Regiones Adyacentes. The four species belong to the subgenus Calosphace. Salvia carranzae is placed in the section Fulgentes and is distinguished by the stem ascending at first and then pendulous, leaves that present an irregularly dentate margin, inflorescence supine, corolla tube without papillae inside, narrow lower lip of the corolla with three very short lobules on the apex, and the upper branch of the style shorter than the lower. Salvia calderoniae has affinity with the species of section Angulatae and is distinguished by being a perennial herbaceous plant, erect, with short, lax inflorescences (3.5–10 cm) With few verticillasters 12(–19) and few flowers per verticillaster (2–8), and corolla tube arched upwards of 6–13 mm long. Salvia xolocotzii is morphologically similar to the species of section Uliginosae; it is characterized by being a herbaceous perennial plant, stoloniferous, decumbent, 15–45 cm tall, terminal inflorescence, rachis and calyx with glandular pubescence, upper lip of the calyx entire, with 5 veins, blue corolla with ventricose tube and connectives with a short acute tooth. Salvia zamoranensis coincides with the species of section Brandegeia; it is characterized by abundant long trichomes, extended on stems and calyces, calyx with 5 veins, blue corolla and ventricose, invaginated and epapillate tube, and a lower lip with two lines of white marks. The four species are distributed in forests of temperate climates and are endemic to the northeast of Guanajuato and Querétaro and southeast of San Luis Potosí.

Revision of Hymenophyllum subg. Sphaerocionium (Hymenophyllaceae) in the Atlantic Forest Domain (Brazil), Based on Molecular and Morphological Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-748
Author(s):  
Felipe Gonzatti ◽  
Paulo G. Windisch ◽  
Fernando J. Scariot ◽  
Sergio Echeverrigaray ◽  
Mara R. Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Data Field

Abstract—Sphaerocionium is the largest subgenus of Hymenophyllum and occurs mainly in tropical forests of the Neotropical Region. Species of Hymenophyllum occurring in Brazil are poorly known due to difficulties in species delimitation and the absence of detailed studies. The aim of the present study was to present a synopsis of Hymenophyllum subg. Sphaerocionium in the Atlantic Forest domain, based on molecular and morphological data. Field and herbarium specimens were morphologically analyzed by stereomicroscopy, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Phylogenetic relationships were evaluated by sequence comparison of the plastidial regions trnG-R and rps4-trnS. Morphological and phylogenetic evidence led to the recognition of 14 taxa throughout the Atlantic Forest, five of which are endemic. The taxonomy and nomenclature of Hymenophyllum in Brazil are revised and 19 new lectotypifications are proposed. The conservation status and geographical distributions of all species are updated and a dichotomous key is provided.

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