Cyclical Parthenogenetic Reproduction in the Russian Wheat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the United States: Sexual Reproduction and Its Outcome on Biotypic Diversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 1057-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Puterka ◽  
R. W. Hammon ◽  
J. D. Burd ◽  
F. B. Peairs ◽  
T. L. Randolph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Parthenogenetic Reproduction

scholarly journals Genetic Change Within Populations of Phytophthora infestans in the United States and Canada During 1994 to 1996: Role of Migration and Recombination

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 939-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Goodwin ◽  
Christine D. Smart ◽  
Robert W. Sandrock ◽  
Kenneth L. Deahl ◽  
Zamir K. Punja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
The Us

Dramatic changes occurred within populations of Phytophthora infestans in the United States and Canada from 1994 through 1996. Occurrence of the US-8 genotype, detected rarely during 1992 and 1993, increased rapidly and predominated in most regions during 1994 through 1996. US-7, which infected both potato and tomato and made up almost 50% of the sample during 1993, was detected only rarely among 330 isolates from the United States analyzed during 1994. It was not detected at all in more limited samples from 1996. Thus, ability to infect both potato and tomato apparently did not increase the fitness of this genotype relative to US-8, as predicted previously. US-1, the previously dominant genotype throughout the United States and Canada, made up 8% or less of the samples analyzed during 1994 through 1996. A few additional genotypes were detected, which could indicate the beginnings of sexual reproduction of P. infestans within the United States and Canada. However, clonal reproduction still predominated in all locations sampled; opportunities for sexual reproduction probably were limited, because the A1 and A2 mating types usually were separated geographically. The high sensitivity of the US-1 genotype to the fungicide metalaxyl also could have reduced opportunities for contact between the mating types in fields where this compound was applied. The previous correlation between metalaxyl sensitivity and genotype was confirmed and extended to a new genotype, US-17: all US-1 isolates tested were sensitive; all isolates of the US-7, US-8, and US-17 genotypes tested to date have been resistant. Isolates of P. capsici and P. erythroseptica, two other species often found on tomato and potato, could be easily distinguished from each other and from P. infestans using a simple allozyme assay for the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. This technique could be useful for rapid identification of species, in addition to genotype of P. infestans. It generally was not possible to predict which genotypes would be present in a location from 1 year to the next. Long-distance movement of US-8 in seed tubers was documented, and this was probably the primary means for the rapid spread of this genotype from 1993 through 1996.

scholarly journals Cercospora cf. flagellaris and Cercospora cf. sigesbeckiae Are Associated with Cercospora Leaf Blight and Purple Seed Stain on Soybean in North America

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1376-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Albu ◽  
R. W. Schneider ◽  
P. P. Price ◽  
V. P. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Purple Seed Stain

Cercospora kikuchii has long been considered the causal agent of Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) and purple seed stain (PSS) on soybean, but a recent study found C. cf. flagellaris associated with CLB and PSS in Arkansas (United States) and Argentina. Here, we provide a broader perspective on the distribution of C. cf. flagellaris on soybean and alternate hosts within the United States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Kansas). We used a multilocus phylogenetic approach with data from actin, calmodulin, translation elongation factor 1-α, histone 3, the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and the mating-type locus to determine that two species, C. cf. flagellaris (200 of 205 isolates) and C. cf. sigesbeckiae (five of 205 isolates), are associated with CLB and PSS in the United States. In our phylogenetic analyses, species-level lineages were generally well-supported, though deeper-level evolutionary relationships remained unresolved, indicating that these genes do not possess sufficient phylogenetic signal to resolve the evolutionary history of Cercospora. We also investigated the potential for sexual reproduction in C. cf. flagellaris in Louisiana by determining the frequency of MAT1-1/MAT1-2 mating-type idiomorphs within the Louisiana population of C. cf. flagellaris. Though the MAT 1-2 idiomorph was significantly more common in our collection, the presence of both mating types suggests the potential for sexual reproduction exists.

Biotypic Status of Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Populations in the United States

1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1684-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Shufran ◽  
John D. Burd ◽  
James A. Webster
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid

Identification of wheat germplasm resistant to major Russian wheat aphid biotypes in the United States

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1428-1435
Author(s):  
Xiangyang Xu ◽  
Genqiao Li ◽  
Brett F. Carver ◽  
Gary Puterka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Wheat Germplasm

NEW NORTH AMERICAN HOST RECORDS FOR APHELINUS SP. NR. VARIPES (FOERSTER) (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE): THE WESTERN WHEAT APHID, DIURAPHIS TRITICI (GILLETTE), AND THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID, DIURAPHIS NOXIA (MORDVILKO) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Lajeunesse ◽  
G.D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Diuraphis Noxia ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Texas Panhandle

First detection of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), in the United States occurred in March 1986 in the Texas panhandle. Within 3 years, this aphid pest was found in 15 western states and three provinces in Canada. Each year since 1986, Russian wheat aphid has been responsible for millions of dollars in grain loss and insecticide treatment costs (Anonymous 1988, 1989). Physiological responses of the plants to the aphid include chlorotic streaking, rolled leaves, entrapment of developing seedheads, stunting, reduced tiller production, and reduced yields (Hewitt et al. 1984; Johnson et al. 1988; unpublished data).

Plant Responses to Seven Russian Wheat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotypes Found in the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1954-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri L. Randolph ◽  
Frank Peairs ◽  
Aubrey Weiland ◽  
Jeffrey B. Rudolph ◽  
Gary J. Puterka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Plant Responses

scholarly journals Change in Biotypic Diversity of Russian Wheat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Populations in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 798-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Puterka ◽  
K. L. Giles ◽  
M. J. Brown ◽  
S. J. Nicholson ◽  
R. W. Hammon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid

Evidence of occurrence of Crown Rust of Barley Caused by Puccinia coronata var. hordei and sexual reproduction of the pathogen under field conditions in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaxia Tian ◽  
Qiang Yao ◽  
Zedong Zhang ◽  
Xiangrui Cheng ◽  
Jianfeng Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences

Crown rust of barley, caused by Puccinia coronata var. hordei (Pch), was first reported by Jin and Steffenson in 1992, and the fungus has been reported only in the United States and Hungary. In China, stripe, stem, and leaf rusts have been reported on barley, but not for crown rust. Recently, a sample (HZJ0004) of rust collected from barley in Qilian county, Qinghai, China, appeared different from the three rusts based on color, size, arrangements of uredinia and/or telia. Teliospores had crown-shaped appendages on the top. Based on the disease symptoms and morphology of urediniospores and teliospores, the fungus was identified as Pch. Using the internal transcribed spacer sequences, the isolates HZJ0004 from barley and POR3 from buckthorn (Rhamnus sp.) were clustered in one clade with Pch isolates from barley and Elymus repens but in a different clade from the isolate POC8 from wild oat and the varieties of P. coronata from oats and grasses. At the seedling stage, most of the tested cultivars of barley and rye were susceptible to Pch isolates HZJ0004 and POR3, but the cultivars of oats, triticale, wheat, and the most grasses of Aegilops, Brachypodium, Bromus, Calamagrostis, Deschampsia, Elymus, Festuca, and Phleum were resistant, indicating their host specialization on barley. This is the first report of crown rust on barley in China.

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