Nitrogen Influences Bispyribac-Sodium Efficacy and Metabolism in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) and Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)

Patrick E. McCullough; Stephen E. Hart; Thomas Gianfagna; Fabio Chaves

doi:10.1614/wt-d-10-00136.1

Nitrogen Influences Bispyribac-Sodium Efficacy and Metabolism in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) and Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-10-00136.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 385-390

Author(s):

Patrick E. McCullough ◽

Stephen E. Hart ◽

Thomas Gianfagna ◽

Fabio Chaves

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Agrostis Stolonifera ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Sodium Metabolism ◽

Nitrogen Treatments

Field and laboratory experiments were conducted in New Jersey to investigate the influence of nitrogen on annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass metabolism and responses to bispyribac-sodium. In field experiments, withholding nitrogen during the test period increased sensitivity of both grasses to bispyribac-sodium, and grasses fertilized biweekly had darker color on most rating dates. Nitrogen generally increased annual bluegrass tolerance to bispyribac-sodium at 74 g ha−1but not at 148 g ha−1. Creeping bentgrass was influenced by nitrogen at both herbicide rates. In laboratory experiments, weekly nitrogen treatments increased14C-bispyribac-sodium metabolism in both grasses compared to unfertilized plants. Annual bluegrass metabolized approximately 50% less herbicide regardless of nitrogen regime compared to creeping bentgrass. Overall, routine nitrogen fertilization appears to improve annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass tolerance to bispyribac-sodium, which may be attributed to higher metabolism.

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Selectivity of Methiozolin for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control in Creeping Bentgrass as Influenced by Temperature and Application Timing

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-12-00135.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 209-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Patrick E. McCullough ◽

Diego Gómez de Barreda ◽

Jialin Yu

Keyword(s):

Initial Treatment ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Poor Control ◽

Application Timing ◽

Foliar Absorption ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Treated Leaf

Methiozolin controls annual bluegrass in creeping bentgrass but application timing and temperature could influence efficacy in turf. In field experiments, sequential methiozolin applications totaling 3.36 kg ai ha−1provided excellent (> 90%) annual bluegrass control at 8 wk after initial treatment when treatments were initiated in February/March or May but programs totaling 0.84 and 1.68 kg ha−1provided poor control (< 70%) at both timings. Methiozolin at all rates caused minimal turf injury (< 8%) but creeping bentgrass was only injured from February/March applications. In growth chamber experiments, creeping bentgrass injury from methiozolin at 10 C was 2 and 4 times greater than at 20 C and 30 C, respectively, while annual bluegrass injury was similar across temperatures. In laboratory experiments, annual bluegrass had more foliar absorption of14C-methiozolin than creeping bentgrass at 30/25 C (day/night), compared to 15/10 C, but translocation was similar at both temperatures as > 90% of absorbed14C remained in the treated leaf after 72 h. Annual bluegrass distributed and recovered more radioactivity to shoots from root-applied14C-methiozolin than creeping bentgrass while both species had about 2 times more distribution to shoots at 30/25 C than 15/10 C. Metabolites were not detected in annual bluegrass or creeping bentgrass at 1, 3, or 7 d after treatment when grown at 15/10 C or 30/25 C suggesting uptake and translocation contributes to methiozolin selectivity in turfgrass.

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Bispyribac-Sodium Application Regimes for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Putting Greens

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-09-004.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 332-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Patrick E. McCullough ◽

Stephen E. Hart

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Agrostis Stolonifera ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Putting Greens ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Turf Quality

Bispyribac-sodium effectively controls annual bluegrass in creeping bentgrass fairways but efficacy on putting greens may be affected by management differences and thus, application regimes may need to be modified for effective annual bluegrass control. To test this hypothesis, field experiments investigated various bispyribac-sodium application regimens for annual bluegrass control on creeping bentgrass putting greens. Bispyribac-sodium regimes totaling 148, 222, and 296 g ha−1controlled annual bluegrass 81, 83, and 91%, respectively, over 2 yr. Pooled over herbicide rates, bispyribac-sodium applied two, three, and six times controlled annual bluegrass 78, 83, and 94%, respectively. The most effective bispyribac-sodium regime was 24.6 g ha−1applied weekly, which controlled annual bluegrass 90% after 8 wk with acceptable levels of creeping bentgrass discoloration. After 8 wk, all regimes reduced turf quality as a result of voids in turf following annual bluegrass control; regimes with six applications reduced turf quality the most.

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Trinexapac-Ethyl Influences Bispyribac-Sodium Absorption and Efficacy for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control in Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-08-015.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 326-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patrick E. McCullough ◽

Stephen E. Hart

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Management Practices ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Agrostis Stolonifera ◽

Sodium Absorption ◽

Dollar Spot ◽

Cool Season ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Wettable Powder

Bispyribac-sodium selectively controls annual bluegrass in cool-season turf but efficacy may be influenced by management practices, such as plant growth regulator use. Experiments were conducted in New Jersey to investigate efficacy and absorption of bispyribac-sodium applied with trinexapac-ethyl for annual bluegrass control and turfgrass tolerance. In laboratory experiments with annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and perennial ryegrass, tank-mixing trinexapac-ethyl with14C-bispyribac-sodium increased presumed foliar absorption of14C-bispyribac-sodium compared with nontrinexapac-ethyl treated; absorption increased with trinexapac-ethyl rate. Differences in14C-bispyribac-sodium absorption were not detected among emulsifiable concentration, microencapsulated concentration, and wettable powder trinexapac-ethyl formulations. In field experiments, sequential bispyribac-sodium applications controlled annual bluegrass 93%, but trinexapac-ethyl did not affect efficacy. Tank-mixing all trinexapac-ethyl formulations with bispyribac-sodium provided similar annual bluegrass control and creeping bentgrass quality compared with bispyribac-sodium alone. Applications of bispyribac-sodium reduced dollar spot cover in both years, whereas trinexapac-ethyl reduced dollar spot cover only in 2005.

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Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Amicarbazone in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua), Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-12-00136.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 217-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jialin Yu ◽

Patrick E. McCullough ◽

William K. Vencill

Keyword(s):

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Agrostis Stolonifera ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Cool Season ◽

Foliar Absorption ◽

Annual Bluegrass

Amicarbazone controls annual bluegrass in cool-season turfgrasses but physiological effects that influence selectivity have received limited investigation. The objective of this research was to evaluate uptake, translocation, and metabolism of amicarbazone in these species. Annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and tall fescue required < 3, 56, and 35 h to reach 50% foliar absorption, respectively. At 72 h after treatment (HAT), annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass translocated 73 and 70% of root-absorbed14C to shoots, respectively, while tall fescue only distributed 55%. Annual bluegrass recovered ≈ 50% more root-absorbed14C in shoots than creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. Creeping bentgrass and tall fescue metabolism of amicarbazone was ≈ 2-fold greater than annual bluegrass from 1 to 7 d after treatment (DAT). Results suggest greater absorption, more distribution, and less metabolism of amicarbazone in annual bluegrass, compared to creeping bentgrass and tall fescue, could be attributed to selectivity of POST applications.

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Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Putting Green Tolerance to Bispyribac-Sodium

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-09-005.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 425-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patrick E. McCullough ◽

Stephen E. Hart

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Agrostis Stolonifera ◽

Root Weight ◽

Putting Greens ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Chelated Iron ◽

Putting Green

Bispyribac-sodium is an efficacious herbicide for annual bluegrass control in creeping bentgrass fairways, but turf tolerance and growth inhibition may be exacerbated by low mowing heights on putting greens. We conducted field and greenhouse experiments to investigate creeping bentgrass putting green tolerance to bispyribac-sodium. In greenhouse experiments, creeping bentgrass discoloration from bispyribac-sodium was exacerbated by reductions in mowing height from 24 to 3 mm, but mowing height did not influence clipping yields or root weight. In field experiments, discoloration of creeping bentgrass putting greens was greatest from applications of 37 g/ha every 10 d, compared to 74, 111, or 222 g/ha applied less frequently. Chelated iron effectively reduced discoloration of creeping bentgrass putting greens from bispyribac-sodium while trinexapac-ethyl inconsistently reduced these effects. Overall, creeping bentgrass putting greens appear more sensitive to bispyribac-sodium than higher mowed turf, but chelated iron and trinexapac-ethyl could reduce discoloration.

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Annual Bluegrass (Poa Annua) Control in Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis Stolonifera) Putting Greens with Bispyribac-sodium

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-06-023 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 426-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Travis C. Teuton ◽

Christopher L. Main ◽

John C. Sorochan ◽

J. Scott McElroy ◽

Thomas C. Mueller

Keyword(s):

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Agrostis Stolonifera ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Putting Greens ◽

Annual Bluegrass

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Effects of Rolling and Sand Topdressing on Dollar Spot Severity in Fairway Turfgrass

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04272-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 394-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas O. Green ◽

John N. Rogers ◽

James R. Crum ◽

Joseph M. Vargas ◽

Thomas A. Nikolai

Keyword(s):

Cost Saving ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Agrostis Stolonifera ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Mixed Stand ◽

Dollar Spot ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Spot Activity ◽

Effective Cost

Results suggest that sand topdressing was more consistent at reducing dollar spot (Clarireedia jacksonii) in fairway turfgrass more so than rolling. This practice could be an effective cost-saving alternative to reduce frequent fungicide applications. Research was conducted from 2011 to 2014 on a simulated golf fairway and examined dollar spot severity responses in a mixed-stand of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and annual bluegrass (Poa annua ssp. reptans) to sand topdressing and rolling. Treatments consisted of biweekly sand topdressing, rolling at three frequencies (one, three, or five times weekly), a control, and three replications. Infection was visually estimated. Sand topdressing significantly (P < 0.05) reduced disease up to 50% at the peak of the dollar spot activity in 2011, 2013, and 2014. Results on the effects of rolling on dollar spot were inconsistent.

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Chlelated Iron and Adjuvants Influence Bispyribac–Sodium Efficacy for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control in Cool-Season Turfgrasses

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-09-027.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 519-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Patrick E. McCullough ◽

Stephen E. Hart

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Sodium Absorption ◽

Cool Season ◽

Foliar Absorption ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Chelated Iron ◽

Spray Adjuvants

Spray adjuvants may enhance bispyribac–sodium efficacy for annual bluegrass control but chelated iron may be needed to reduce potential turf discoloration. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of iron and adjuvants on bispyribac–sodium efficacy for annual bluegrass control in cool-season turf. In laboratory experiments,14C–bispyribac–sodium foliar absorption increased in four grasses by approximately 50 and 100% when applied with a nonionic surfactant and methylated seed oil, respectively, compared to the herbicide alone. Chelated iron did not reduce14C–bispyribac–sodium absorption. In field experiments, spray adjuvants enhanced annual bluegrass control from bispyribac–sodium at 37 g ai/ha but not at 74 g ai/ha. Iron did not reduce annual bluegrass control from bispyribac–sodium, with or without adjuvants, but mitigated creeping bentgrass discoloration for all treatments.

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