Population Demographics of Longnose Gar,Lepisosteus osseus,from the Tidal Rivers of Virginia

Thailand has a high incidence and high mortality rates of influenza. This study summarizes the evidence on economic burden or costs of influenza subsequent to the occurrence of influenza illness in the Thai population by specific characteristics such as population demographics, health conditions, healthcare facilities, and/or cost types from published literature. A systematic search was conducted in six electronic databases. All costs were extracted and adjusted to 2018 US dollar value. Out of 581 records, 11 articles (1 with macroeconomic analysis and 10 with microeconomic analyses) were included. Direct medical costs per episode for outpatients and inpatients ranged from US$4.21 to US$212.17 and from US$163.62 to US$4577.83, respectively, across distinct influenza illnesses. The overall burden of influenza was between US$31.1 and US$83.6 million per year and 50-53% of these estimates referred to lost productivity. Costs of screening for an outbreak of influenza at an 8-bed-intensive-care-unit hospital was US$38242.75 per year. Labor-sensitive sectors such as services were the most affected part of the Thai economy. High economic burden tended to occur among children and older adults with co-morbidities and to be related to complications, non-vaccinated status, and severe influenza illness. Strategies involving prevention, limit of transmission, and treatment focusing on aforementioned patients’ factors, containment of hospitalization expenses and quarantine process, and assistance on labor-sensitive economy sectors are likely to reduce the economic burden of influenza. However, a research gap exists regarding knowledge about the economic burden of influenza in Thailand.

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Change in abundance of dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia: evidence for large-scale migration

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr02073 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 283 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Nick Gales ◽

Robert D. McCauley ◽

Janet Lanyon ◽

Dave Holley

Keyword(s):

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Large Scale ◽

Population Demographics ◽

Shark Bay ◽

Ningaloo Reef ◽

Aerial Surveys ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Plausible Hypothesis ◽

Exmouth Gulf ◽

Regional Abundance

The third in a series of five-yearly aerial surveys for dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf was conducted in July 1999. The first two surveys provided evidence of an apparently stable population of dugongs, with ~1000 animals in each of Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef, and 10 000 in Shark Bay. We report estimates of less than 200 for each of Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef and ~14 000 for Shark Bay. This is an apparent overall increase in the dugong population over this whole region, but with a distributional shift of animals to the south. The most plausible hypothesis to account for a large component of this apparent population shift is that animals in Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef moved to Shark Bay, most likely after Tropical Cyclone Vance impacted available dugong forage in the northern habitat. Bias associated with survey estimate methodology, and normal changes in population demographics may also have contributed to the change. The movement of large numbers of dugongs over the scale we suggest has important management implications. First, such habitat-driven shifts in regional abundance will need to be incorporated in assessing the effectiveness of marine protected areas that aim to protect dugongs and their habitat. Second, in circumstances where aerial surveys are used to estimate relative trends in abundance of dugongs, animal movements of the type we propose could lead to errors in interpretation.

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Habitat availability and depth‐driven population demographics regulate reproductive output of a coral reef fish

Ecosphere ◽

10.1002/ecs2.1542 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E. D. Goldstein ◽

E. K. D'Alessandro ◽

J. Reed ◽

S. Sponaugle

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Reef Fish ◽

Coral Reef Fish ◽

Reproductive Output ◽

Habitat Availability ◽

Population Demographics

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The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Change and Innovation

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198845973.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Organizational Change ◽

Social Economic ◽

Organization Change ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Organizational Characteristics ◽

Future Research ◽

Processes Of Change ◽

Population Demographics ◽

Sequence Of Events ◽

Stakeholder Needs

Organizational change and innovation are central and enduring issues in management theory and practice. The need to understand processes of organization change and innovation has never been greater in order to respond to dramatic changes in population demographics, technology, stakeholder needs, competitive survival, and social, economic, environmental, health, and sustainability concerns. These concerns call for a better understanding of managing organization change and innovation. Why and what organizations change is generally well known; how organizations change is the central focus of this handbook. It focuses on processes of change, or the sequence of events in which organizational characteristics and activities change and develop over time, and the factors that influence these processes, with the organization as the central unit of analysis. Across the diverse and wide-ranging contributions, three central questions evolve: what is the nature of change and process; what are the key concepts and models for understanding organization change and innovation; and how we should study change and innovation. This handbook presents critical evolving scholarship and explores its implications for future research and practice on organizational change and innovation.

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Assessment of public perception regarding wastewater reuse

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2005.0008 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K.G. Robinson ◽

C.H. Robinson ◽

S.A. Hawkins

Keyword(s):

Public Perception ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Primary Sources ◽

Personal Contact ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Population Demographics ◽

Southeast United States ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

Lawn Irrigation ◽

Or Applications

A descriptive-correlational study was recently conducted in a four county metropolitan area in the southeast United States (US) as part of a collaborative effort between nursing and environmental engineering researchers. The purpose of the study was to assess attitudes, knowledge and information sources concerning wastewater reuse and evaluate the results with respect to population demographics. The study indicated that both men and women unfavorably view the use of wastewater for possible consumption (released into potable surface or groundwater supplies) or applications involving close, personal contact (laundry). Women were especially concerned about pumping wastewater into the groundwater for subsequent potable use. Both genders felt that wastewater reuse for applications not involving close personal contact (such as firefighting, car washing, lawn irrigation and agricultural uses) was acceptable. General knowledge concerning wastewater reuse was mixed. Those with lower incomes, less education, and 65 years of age or older had significantly less knowledge of this issue than younger, more educated, higher income individuals. Primary sources of information for most demographic groups included newspaper and television, although the Internet was identified as a frequent source for selected groups.

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