THE EFFECT OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN VITRO IN THE PREPUBERTAL RAT OVARY

1968 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA W. MAJOR ◽  
D. T. ARMSTRONG
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones ◽  
The Media ◽  
Rat Ovary ◽  
Low Levels

SUMMARY Small doses of luteinizing hormone (LH) have been shown to exert a stimulating effect on the in vitro carbohydrate metabolism of the prepubertal rat ovary. In order to determine the specificity of the response, studies were undertaken comparing the effects caused by LH with those of other anterior pituitary hormones. Preparations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) caused responses similar to those caused by LH, when added to the media in which prepubertal rat ovaries were incubated. A detailed study of the effects of TSH preparations (prepared by different procedures with known low levels of LH contamination) on lactic acid production, has been undertaken. All TSH preparations tested caused considerably greater stimulation of glycolysis than could be accounted for on the basis of their contamination with LH when the latter was appraised by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion assay.

Vasopressin as a neuroendocrine regulator of anterior pituitary hormone secretion

1993 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormone

Secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), β-endorphin and prolactin (PRL) is complex and involves a variety of factors. This review focuses on the involvement of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in neuroendocrine regulation of these anterior pituitary hormones with special reference to receptor involvement, mode of action and origin of AVP. Arginine-vasopressin may act via at least two types of receptors: V1− and V2−receptors, where the pituitary V1−receptor is designated V1b. The mode of action of AVP may be mediating, i.e. anterior pituitary hormone secretion is transmitted via release of AVP, or the mode of action may be permissive, i.e. the presence of AVP at a low and constant level is required for anterior pituitary hormones to be stimulated. Under in vivo conditions, the AVP-induced release of ACTH and β-endorphin is mainly mediated via activation of hypothalamic V1− receptors, which subsequently leads to the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone. Under in vitro conditions, the AVP-stimulated release of ACTH and β-endorphin is mediated via pituitary V1b− receptors. The mode of action of AVP in the ACTH and β-endorphin response to stress and to histamine, which is involved in stress-induced secretion of anterior pituitary hormones, is mediating (utilizing V1− receptors) as well as permissive (utilizing mainly V1− but also V2−receptors). The AVP-induced release of PRL under in vivo conditions is conveyed mainly via activation of V1−receptors but V2−receptors and probably additional receptor(s) may also play a role. In stress- and histamine induced PRL secretion the role of AVP is both mediating (utilizing V1 −receptors) and permissive (utilizing both V1− and V2− receptors). Arginine-vasopressin may be a candidate for the PRL-releasing factor recently identified in the posterior pituitary gland. Arginine-vasopressin of both magno- and parvocellular origin may be involved in the regulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion and may reach the corticotrophs and the lactotrophs via three main routes: the peripheral circulation, the long pituitary portal vessels or the short pituitary portal vessels.

TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON HUMAN PITUITARY TUMOURS: RADIOIMMUNOASSAYABLE ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES IN THE CULTURE MEDIUM

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren G. Lipson ◽  
Inese Z. Beitins ◽  
Paul D. Kornblith ◽  
Janet W. Mc Arthur ◽  
Henry G. Friesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones

ABSTRACT A tissue culture study was undertaken to determine if human non-functioning pituitary tumours secrete polypeptide anterior pituitary hormones in vitro and to study the spectrum of hormone release by functioning pituitary neoplasms. Fragments from 48 human pituitary tumours (from patients - 2 with Cushing's disease, 1 with Nelson's syndrome, 5 with amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea, 10 with acromegaly and 30 with non-functioning pituitary tumours) and three normal human anterior pituitary glands (controls) were placed in tissue culture immediately after surgery. The in vitro release of human growth hormone (HGH), prolactin (Prl), thyrotrophin (TSH), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by radioimmunoassays at the end of one week in culture. Clinical and pathological data were compared to hormone release patterns. In the culture media from control pituitaries the concentrations of the six hormones tested were 100 to 10 000 times greater than in peripheral blood. The medium surrounding the fragments from functioning pituitary tumours contained the following: a) Acromegaly - high levels of HGH and variable concentrations of the other hormones. b) Cushing's disease - ACTH and Prl predominantly. c) Amenorrhcea-galactorrhoea syndrome - prolactin in 4 out of 5 patients, all six polypeptides in one patient. In the media from the 30 patients diagnosed as having non-functioning pituitary tumours, 60 % of the samples contained at least one hormone at a concentration similar to that of the controls and 100 % of the samples contained detectable quantities of at least one hormone.

scholarly journals Machine-Learning Prediction of Postoperative Pituitary Hormonal Outcomes in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas: A Multicenter Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Fang ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Ming Feng ◽  
Wentai Zhang ◽  
Lei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Prognostic Assessment ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ObjectiveNo accurate predictive models were identified for hormonal prognosis in non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA). This study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models to facilitate the prognostic assessment of pituitary hormonal outcomes after surgery.MethodsA total of 215 male patients with NFPA, who underwent surgery in four medical centers from 2015 to 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. The data were pooled after heterogeneity assessment, and they were randomly divided into training and testing sets (172:43). Six ML models and logistic regression models were developed using six anterior pituitary hormones.ResultsOnly thyroid-stimulating hormone (p < 0.001), follicle-stimulating hormone (p < 0.001), and prolactin (PRL; p < 0.001) decreased significantly following surgery, whereas growth hormone (GH) (p < 0.001) increased significantly. The postoperative GH (p = 0.07) levels were slightly higher in patients with gross total resection, but the PRL (p = 0.03) level was significantly lower than that in patients with subtotal resection. The optimal model achieved area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve values of 0.82, 0.74, and 0.85 in predicting hormonal hypofunction, new deficiency, and hormonal recovery following surgery, respectively. According to feature importance analyses, the preoperative levels of the same type and other hormones were all important in predicting postoperative individual hormonal hypofunction.ConclusionFluctuation in anterior pituitary hormones varies with increases and decreases because of transsphenoidal surgery. The ML models could accurately predict postoperative pituitary outcomes based on preoperative anterior pituitary hormones in NFPA.

scholarly journals Effects of Anterior Pituitary Hormones on Glucose Metabolism by Rat Mammary Gland in Vitro

1961 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002-1005
Author(s):  
Arnold N. Weinberg ◽  
Ira Pastan ◽  
Hibbard E. Williams ◽  
James B. Field
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland

TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON HUMAN PITUITARY TUMOURS: LONG TERM RELEASE OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES INTO THE CULTURE MEDIUM

1979 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren G. Lipson ◽  
Inese Z. Beitins ◽  
Paul L. Kornblith ◽  
Janet W. McArthur ◽  
Henry G. Friesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
The Media ◽  
Human Anterior Pituitary

ABSTRACT A study was undertaken to determine the length of time that human pituitary tumours are capable of releasing anterior pituitary polypeptide hormones in vitro under basal conditions and to study the spectrum of hormone release by functioning and "non-functioning" pituitary neoplasms. Fragments from the pituitary tumours of 10 patients in the following categories: 1 Cushing's disease, 2 with amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea, 3 with acromegaly, and 4 with "non-functioning" pituitary tumours and from 2 normal human anterior pituitary glands were placed in primary culture immediately after surgery. The in vitro release of human growth hormone (hGH), prolactin (Prl), thyrotrophin (TSH), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was measured by specific radioimmunoassays at the end of each week in culture. Hormone release was surveyed from 6 weeks to 6 months depending upon the survival of the culture. Hormone release patterns were compared with clinical and pathological data. In the initial week of the study, all 6 anterior pituitary polypeptides were detected in the media from the 2 control pituitaries and from 4 of the tumours (1 amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea and 3 acromegaly) in concentrations up to 100 ng/ml of medium while 5 of the 6 hormones were readily detectable in the media from 2 additional tumour samples (Cushing's disease and 1 "non-functioning" pituitary tumour). The media of the remaining 4 tumours contained at least 3 of the 6 hormones (1 amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea and 3 "non-functioning" pituitary tumours). After 6 months in culture, the 6 hormones were readily detectable in at least 1 of the 5 surviving cultures and hGH (up to 800 ng/ml) and LH were each detectable in the media from 2 cultures. Although most of the hormone concentrations in the media decreased with length of time in culture, there were 2 exceptions. First, in the media from 5 of the 12 cultures from both controls and tumours, Prl concentrations increased after 50 to 80 days culture. This increase usually lasted for several weeks before Prl levels again began to decline. The second unusual finding occurred in a tumour from a patient with acromegaly in the media of which hGH levels rose from 60 ng/ml to 800 ng/ml between days 125 and 174. These findings of prolonged hormone release in vitro give promise of future usefulness of tissue culture methods for study of polypeptide hormone releasing mechanisms and long-term production of human anterior pituitary hormones for use in research and possible therapy.

INFLUENCE OF HORMONES ON LOBULO-ALVEOLAR DIFFERENTIATION OF MOUSE MAMMARY GLANDS IN VITRO

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
RUBY R. ICHINOSE ◽  
S. NANDI
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones

SUMMARY (1) To induce mammary differentiation in vitro, BALB/cCrgl mice were given hormones before incubation of their mammary glands in defined medium containing steroid hormones (oestradiol, progesterone and aldosterone), anterior pituitary hormones (prolactin and growth hormone), and insulin. The sequence of lobule development in vitro obtained in this way was determined by cultivation of tissues for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. Lobules appeared on the 3rd day of culture, although proliferation occurred throughout the 5-day period. (2) In two other sets of experiments, mammary glands were exposed to various combinations of hormones in culture. Survival of cultured tissues required the presence of insulin, whereas differentiation required the presence of steroid hormones, anterior pituitary hormones, and insulin. Of the steroid hormones used, aldosterone alone fulfilled the minimum steroid hormone requirement for lobule formation in vitro.

The Effect of Colchicine on the Release of Rat Anterior Pituitary Hormones in Vitro

1973 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Sundberg ◽  
L. Krulich ◽  
C. P. Fawcett ◽  
P. Illner ◽  
S. M. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
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