STIMULATION BY HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN OF OESTRADIOL PRODUCTION BY DISPERSED CELLS FROM HUMAN CORPUS LUTEUM: COMPARISON WITH PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION; UTILIZATION OF EXOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. RICHARDSON ◽  
G. M. MASSON
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Oestradiol Production ◽  
Dispersed Cells

Cell suspensions were prepared from tissue samples of human corpora lutea obtained during the mid- and late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Both oestradiol and progesterone production by dispersed cells were stimulated by similar concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). As the degree of stimulation of production by hCG was greater for progesterone than for oestradiol (five- to tenfold compared with two- to threefold higher than basal production), the ratio of progesterone to oestradiol produced varied according to the level of trophic stimulation. A comparison of cell suspensions prepared from mid- and late-luteal phase corpora lutea, exposed to the same concentration of hCG (10 i.u./ml) in vitro, did not reveal a shift to oestradiol production in the late-luteal phase. Provision of additional testosterone during incubation raised the level of oestradiol production by dispersed luteal cells. At an optimum concentration of testosterone (1 μmol/l), oestradiol synthesis was not raised further in the presence of hCG or N6, O2-dibutyryl cyclic AMP, suggesting a lack of induction or activation of the aromatase system by gonadotrophin in short-term cultures. Basal and stimulated levels of progesterone production were not significantly impaired in the presence of testosterone.

Prolactin stimulates steroidogenesis by human luteal tissue in vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Oestradiol Production ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum

ABSTRACT Human luteal tissue recovered from varying stages of the luteal phase was minced and incubated for 3 h and the effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), prolactin and hCG + prolactin on progesterone and oestradiol production measured. While hCG generally enhanced both progesterone and oestradiol synthesis, prolactin alone at either 20 or 200 μg/l had no significant effect on steroidogenesis. When prolactin was added along with hCG in four of six corpora lutea, however, progesterone production significantly increased and in three of six corpora lutea oestradiol production was increased above that induced by hCG alone. It is concluded that prolactin may play some role in the control of steroidogenesis by the human corpus luteum. J. Endocr. (1984) 103, 107–110

Effects of prolactin on steroid production by human luteal cells in vitro

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. S. Tan ◽  
J. S. G. Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Progesterone Production

The effects of prolactin on steroidogenesis were studied in dispersed luteal cells prepared from human corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle. Prolactin, at concentrations of 0·1–1000 ng/ml, had no effect on progesterone production by luteal cells during short-term incubation (3 h). However, in two out of five corpora lutea, higher concentrations of prolactin (100 and 1000 ng/ml) significantly reduced the oestradiol-17β production induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG; 10 i.u./ml); lower doses of prolactin had little effect. In the remaining corpora lutea, prolactin failed to affect either basal or hCG-induced production of oestradiol-17β. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism by which prolactin influences human ovarian function.

scholarly journals The effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin on the expression of progesterone receptors in human luteal cells in vivo and in vitro

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Colin Duncan ◽  
Eva Gay ◽  
Jacqueline A Maybin
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Lutein Cell

The human corpus luteum expresses genomic progesterone receptors (PRs) suggesting that progesterone may have an autocrine or paracrine role in luteal function. We hypothesised that the reduction in luteal PR reported in the late-luteal phase augmented progesterone withdrawal and had a role in luteolysis. We therefore tested the hypothesis that luteal rescue with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) would maintain PR expression. PR was immunolocalised to different cell types in human corpora lutea (n = 35) from different stages of the luteal phase and after luteal rescue with exogenous hCG. There was no change in the staining intensity of theca-lutein cell or stromal cell PR throughout the luteal phase or after luteal rescue. In the late-luteal phase, granulosa-lutein cell PR immunostaining was reduced (P < 0.05) but the trend to reduction was also seen after luteal rescue with hCG (P = 0.055). To further investigate the effect of hCG on granulosa-lutein cell PR expression, an in vitro model system of cultured human luteinised granulosa cells was studied. Cells were cultured for 12–13 days exposed to different patterns of hCG and aminoglutethamide to manipulate progesterone secretion (P < 0.0001). Expression of PR A/B and PR B isoforms was examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. PR A/B mRNA was lower (P < 0.05) after 11–13 days of culture than after 7 days of culture. This reduction could not be prevented by hCG in the presence (P < 0.05) or absence (P < 0.05) of stimulated progesterone secretion. The expression of PR B mRNA showed a similar pattern (P = 0.054). Simulated early pregnancy in vivo and hCG treatment of luteinised granulosa cells in vitro did not appear to prevent the down-regulation of PR seen during luteolysis.

Control of inhibin production by dispersed human luteal cells in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
HZ Wang ◽  
SH Lu ◽  
XJ Han ◽  
ZD Sun ◽  
WX Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Oestradiol Production ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum

The production of inhibin in vitro by dispersed cells from early to mid (Days 16-19) and late stage (Day 23) human corpus luteum (CL) was examined, and the effects of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), oestradiol and testosterone on inhibin production were determined. Corpora lutea from five subjects in the early to mid luteal stage and three subjects in late luteal stage were dispersed with enzymes and the luteal cells cultured in medium supplemented with 5% calf serum and either FSH (1, 10 or 100 ng mL-1), oestradiol-17 beta (2.5, 5 or 10 micrograms mL-1) or testosterone (0.25, 1 or 5 micrograms mL-1) with or without hCG (1 I.U. mL-1). Cells were cultured for 1 to 3 days without changes of medium, and the concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol and immunoreactive inhibin in the medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. Cells from both types of CL produced inhibin in vitro under basal conditions, but only cells from early to mid CLs responded to hCG with a significant increase in inhibin production. Both progesterone and oestradiol production were stimulated by hCG in both groups of CL. Inhibin concentrations in the cell cultures declined with time in culture, particularly in the late CL group, whereas the concentration of steroids increased. Neither FSH, oestradiol nor testosterone significantly changed inhibin production in either CL group. It was concluded that inhibin production by human luteal cells in vitro is influenced by the age of the CL, and is dependent on LH (hCG) but not on FSH or sex steroids.

scholarly journals Luteotrophic effects of relaxin, chorionic gonadotrophin and FSH in common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus)

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Beindorff ◽  
Almuth Einspanier
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Marmoset Monkeys

In early pregnant primates, relaxin (RLX) is highly upregulated within the corpus luteum (CL), suggesting that RLX may have an important role in the implantation of the blastocyst. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the local effects of RLX and gonadotrophins on the maintenance of the CL using anin vitromicrodialysis system. CLs of common marmoset monkeys were collected by luteectomy during different stages of the luteal phase and early pregnancy. Each CL was perfused with either Ringer's solution alone or Ringer's solution supplemented with either porcine RLX (250, 500 and 1000 ng/ml) or gonadotrophins (50 IU/ml). Application of RLX provoked a significant luteal response of progesterone (P4) and oestradiol (E2) secretions during the mid-luteal phase (500 ng/ml: P454±42%, E224±11%; 1000 ng/ml: E216±13%), and especially during the late luteal phase (250 ng/ml: P453±10%; 500 ng/ml: P444±15%; 1000 ng/ml: P462±15%, E218±7%). The effects of RLX on steroid secretion were irrespective of the RLX dosages. While treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin did not affect luteal steroid or RLX secretion, the application of FSH resulted in a significant increase in the secretion of both P4(20±8%) and E2(37±28%), and a prominent rise in RLX during early pregnancy. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that RLX and FSH have a luteotrophic function in the marmoset monkeys; moreover, FSH has a function beyond its traditional role just as a follicle-stimulating hormone.

Oxytocin may play a role in the control of the human corpus luteum

1982 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. S. Tan ◽  
R. Tweedale ◽  
J. S. G. Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum

The effects of oxytocin on dispersed luteal cells from human corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle were studied. Oxytocin at a concentration of 4 mi.u./ml produced a slight increase in basal progesterone production. However, higher oxytocin concentrations (400 and 800 mi.u./ml) markedly inhibited both basal and human chorionic gonadotrophin-induced progesterone production. These data provide evidence for an effect of oxytocin on the human corpus luteum. In view of the inhibitory action of oxytocin, increased secretion of this hormone may be important in the demise of the corpus luteum at the end of the menstrual cycle.

ÉTUDE DE L'ACTIVITÉ BIOLOGIQUE IN VITRO DES HORMONES GONADOTROPES

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gospodarowicz ◽  
J. Legault-Démare
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Lactogenic Hormone ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and lactogenic hormone (LTH or prolactin) were found practically inactive on the incorporation of 14Cacetate into cholesterol of normal rat corpus luteum in vitro. On the contrary, when added simultaneously to the incubation medium, they increased by 90% the labeling of cholesterol. When pseudopregnancy corpora lutea were used, HCG alone stimulated to the same amount, but no stimulation was observed with LTH alone. These results show that the stimulation of cholesterol synthesis is produced by a synergic action of LTH and HCG, LTH being introduced either in vivo (pseudopregnancy) or in vitro.

OESTROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS AND STEROID METABOLISM IN THE PORCINE OVARY

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Preumont ◽  
I. D. Cooke ◽  
K. J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles ◽  
Cellular Compartments

ABSTRACT In vitro incubations of isolated porcine pre-ovulatory follicles, corpora lutea, and minced whole pre- and post-ovulatory ovaries were undertaken in an attempt to elucidate the pathways of oestrogen biosynthesis and steroid metabolism in the various cellular compartments of the porcine ovary. The conversion of radioactive acetate to cholesterol, the conversions of pregnenolone and progesterone to 16-hydroxyprogesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, oestrone and oestradiol and the conversion of pregnenolone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone were observed following incubation with pre-ovulatory follicles in vitro. No significant effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) added in vitro on steroid metabolism could be demonstrated. The conversions of dehydroepiandrosterone to oestradiol and 16-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone to 16-hydroxyandrostenedione were obtained with corpora lutea in vitro. Pre-ovulatory whole ovarian mince incubations converted progesterone to 16-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione to oestrone. When 16-hydroxyandrostenedione, 16-hydroxyprogesterone and 16-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone were incubated as substrates and/or formed in these various studies, no evidence for the formation of oestriol or other 16-oxygenated oestrogens could be demonstrated, although non-16 hydroxylated neutral steroids were aromatized in paired experiments.

FORMATION OF STEROID HORMONES IN VITRO BY DEVELOPING CORPORA LUTEA OF THE RABBIT

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIRA SUZUKI ◽  
TAKAHIDE MORI ◽  
TOSHIO NISHIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Rabbits were injected with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), and slices of developing corpora lutea taken from the ovaries 15, 18, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after injection were incubated with [1-14C]sodium acetate at 37 °C for 3 h. The incorporation of labelled acetate into ten steroids, including progestagens, androgens and oestrogens, was analysed. In the initial step of corpus luteal formation, the specific incorporation (incorporation of [1-14C]acetate/100 mg tissue) increased sharply. The major steroidal products were progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one. Between 18 and 48 h, the increase in specific incorporation was more gradual than in the initial step. Although the pattern was also dominated by progestagens, a temporary increase in the incorporation of acetate into androgens and oestrogens was observed. In the final step, a sharp rise in the total incorporation (incorporation of [1-14C]acetate/corpus luteum) was found, whereas the specific incorporation increased only slightly. The principal steroids produced were progesterone, pregnenolone and 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one. Incorporation into C19 steroids declined markedly and that into C18 steroids could not be detected. This profile of steroidogenesis 96 h after injection of HCG was similar to that of the corpus luteum in pregnancy. Thus marked quantitative and qualitative changes have been demonstrated during the period of formation of corpora lutea in the rabbit.

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