The regulation of plasma relaxin levels during human pregnancy

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Johnson ◽  
A A Abbas ◽  
A C J Allman ◽  
K H Nicolaides ◽  
S L Lightman
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Fetal Reduction ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Selective Fetal Reduction ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Abstract The factors that determine the circulating levels of relaxin during pregnancy have been investigated by comparing the plasma levels of relaxin throughout pregnancy in women who became pregnant spontaneously (singleton, n=240) or following superovulation (singleton and multifetal pregnancies (two to ten conceptuses), n=83). Some of the women with multifetal pregnancies underwent selective fetal reduction to twin pregnancies. Relaxin levels were higher at 7–34 weeks of gestation in singleton pregnancies achieved following superovulation when compared with levels in spontaneously conceived singleton pregnancies (P<0·05–0·001). In samples obtained between 10 and 12 weeks of gestation (before fetal reduction for the multifetal pregnancies), plasma relaxin levels correlated with fetal number (r=0·526, P=0·0001). Reduction in fetal number to a twin pregnancy did not alter relaxin levels. These data suggest that the circulating levels of relaxin throughout pregnancy are determined during the cycle of conception by gonadotrophin stimulation, and within the first 10 weeks of pregnancy by the luteotrophic stimulus from the conceptus. Furthermore, once corpus luteum synthesis of relaxin is established, then reduction in the luteotrophic stimulus does not appear to affect it. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 142, 261–265

Maternal Nutrition in Twin Pregnancy

1982 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris M. Campbell ◽  
Ian MacGillivray ◽  
Sheena Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Energy and protein intake as measured by 24-hour urinary nitrogen values are similar in twin and singleton pregnancies. The relationship between urinary nitrogen and nitrogen intake is equally significant in twin and singleton pregnancies. Dietary zinc, copper, and iron are not different in women with twins, nor are the levels of these elements in plasma. These observations are surprising in view of the extra fetal demands on the mother and the different adaptation of twin pregnancies.

Selective fetal reduction in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies: A comparison of techniques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiri Shinar ◽  
Swati Agrawal ◽  
Darine El‐Chaâr ◽  
Nimrah Abbasi ◽  
Robert Beecroft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monochorionic Twin ◽  
Fetal Reduction ◽  
Comparison Of Techniques ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Selective Fetal Reduction

scholarly journals Maternal thyroid function in multifetal pregnancies before and after fetal reduction

2000 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Ogueh ◽  
AP Hawkins ◽  
A Abbas ◽  
GD Carter ◽  
KH Nicolaides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Fetal Reduction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Maternal Thyroid ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Selective Fetal Reduction

The aim of the study was to investigate maternal thyroid function in pregnancy by monitoring the circulating concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT(4)) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in multifetal pregnancies before and after embryo reduction. We studied two groups of women: group 1 comprised singleton (n=12) and twin (n=12) pregnancies achieved after superovulation and in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (IVF-ET), and group 2 were multifetal pregnancies (n=39) undergoing selective fetal reduction to twin pregnancies. Blood samples were obtained initially at 10-12 weeks gestation (before fetal reduction) and then 4 and 8 weeks afterwards. Before fetal reduction, the circulating concentrations of fT(4) in multifetal pregnancies were significantly greater than those in singleton or twin pregnancies (singleton, mean 16.49 pmol/l (interquartile range 14.09-18.13 pmol/l); twins, 15.84 (15.36-16.95 pmol/l); multifetal, 21.08 (16. 64-26.29 pmol/l); P<0.005 for singleton and twins), and in a multiple regression analysis, fT(4) was significantly related to the number of fetuses (F=23.739, P=0.0001), but not to hCG. After fetal reduction to twins, the circulating concentrations of fT(4) in multifetal pregnancies decreased progressively towards those in control twin pregnancies, but remained significantly greater at both 4 (P=0.003) and 8 weeks (P=0.050). This pattern of change in the concentrations of fT(4) is similar to, but lags behind, that of hCG, which attains twin levels 4 weeks after fetal reduction. This may represent a delayed thyroid response to the decreasing concentrations of hCG, but the alternative is that the maternal thyroid function is controlled by a fetal factor in addition to hCG.

scholarly journals Study of maternal and fetal outcome in twin pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lata Singh ◽  
Kiran Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Perinatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Background: Multiple pregnancies are associated with an increased risk of obstetric complications as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. The present study aims to understand the maternal and perinatal outcomes of multiple and singleton pregnancies delivering at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India. Aim of study was to investigate the maternal and fetal outcome in twin pregnancies in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), RanchiMethods: This comparative prospective study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi from the period of 1st April 2015 to 30th September 2016. Consecutive sampling was done till the sample size of 75 was reached for both twin and singleton pregnancies. It included all women admitted in antenatal ward and labor room with clinical or ultrasound diagnosis of twin pregnancy after 28 weeks of gestation.Results: The incidence of twins in this study was 1.85%. Mean maternal age was 25.25±4.5 years for twin pregnancies and 23.53 ± 3.3 for singleton pregnancies. Twins were seen more in multigravida (70.7%) as compared to primigravida (29.3%). Preterm labor (74.7%), anemia (44%) and hypertensive disorders (32%) and PPH (13.33%) were the most common complication in twin pregnancies. Significantly higher rate of LSCS were seen in twin pregnancies (32.67%) as compared to singletons 18.67%. Mean weight of first twin was 2.03±0.52kg and for second twin it was 1.98±0.51kg. There was higher incidence of moderate to severe asphyxia, IUGR and higher rate of NICU admissions in twins as compared to singletons. Perinatal mortality rate of monchrionic pregnancy was 30% and it was 10.2% for dichorionic pregnancy which shows a significant association of perinatal mortality rate and chorionicity.Conclusions: Good antenatal care, with increased rest and nutritional supplementation, early detection of fetal and maternal complications together with thorough intranatal and postnatal vigilance, can lower both maternal and fetal dangers.

scholarly journals Comparison of phenylalanine tolerance in singleton and twin pregnancies in patients with phenylketonuria

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052093462
Author(s):  
Kamil Konrad Hozyasz ◽  
Joanna Żółkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Chyż
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Empirical Determination ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Frequent Assessment ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Objectives Empirical determination of phenylalanine (Phe) tolerance in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) relies on frequent assessment of blood Phe concentrations in relation to Phe intake from detailed meal records. This study aimed to determine Phe tolerance in twin pregnancies. Methods The reviewed cases included three women with PKU who each had a singleton and twin pregnancy (i.e., they were pregnant twice). All patients were under regular supervision to maintain Phe concentrations in a steady state and determine safe Phe intake. Restriction of Phe in the patient’s diet was determined depending on the amount of Phe intake, which allowed for stable blood Phe concentrations within the target range. Results In all three patients with PKU, the ratio of Phe tolerance during the course of the twin and singleton pregnancies was <1 for most of the pregnancy. The ratio of the increase in Phe tolerance between 29 and 34 weeks of gestation and that between 15 and 28 weeks of gestation was 0.66 and 1.17, 0.51 and 0.14, and 0.76 and 1.42 in the twin and singleton pairs of pregnancies, respectively. Conclusions Our study shows that Phe tolerance in a twin pregnancy is not greater than that in a singleton pregnancy.

Selective fetal reduction in monochorionic twin pregnancies with radiofrequency cord ablation

2004 ◽  
Vol 191 (6) ◽  
pp. S147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Smok ◽  
Lynn L. Simpson ◽  
Tracy Shevell ◽  
Fergal Malone ◽  
Joshua Weintraub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monochorionic Twin ◽  
Fetal Reduction ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Selective Fetal Reduction
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document