Seismic codes of practice

A list of available codes of practice for self-cleansing sewers is presented and a review of appraisals of minimum velocity criterion is summarised. Comparisons of newly developed “minimum velocity” criteria and “minimum shear stress” criterion are presented. Some design charts are also given. These charts are applicable to non-cohesive sediments (typically storm sewers). It appears that sediment size and concentration need to be taken into account, and that a limited depth of sediment bed is recommended for large pipes (diameters > 1000 mm) to maximise their transport capacity.

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Comparative Analysis of Kazakhstani and European Design Specifications: Raft Foundation, Pile Foundation, and Piled Raft Foundation

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11073099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 3099

Author(s):

Assel Zhanabayeva ◽

Nazerke Sagidullina ◽

Jong Kim ◽

Alfrendo Satyanaga ◽

Deuckhang Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

International Standards ◽

Piled Raft ◽

Codes Of Practice ◽

Piled Raft Foundation ◽

Raft Foundation ◽

Eurocode 7 ◽

Elastic Settlement ◽

Geotechnical Design ◽

The Difference

The introduction of Eurocode in Kazakhstan allows for the application of modern technological innovations and the elimination of technical barriers for the realization of international projects. It is significant to study the international standards and design requirements provided in Eurocode. This study presents a comparative analysis of Kazakhstani and European approaches for the geotechnical design of foundations and provides the design methods in the considered codes of practice. Three different types of foundations (i.e., raft, pile, and piled raft foundations) were designed following SP RK 5.01-102-2013—Foundations of buildings and structures, SP RK 5.01-103-2013—Pile foundations, and Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design for the Nur-Sultan soil profile. For all three types of foundations, the calculated results of bearing resistance and elastic settlement showed the conservativeness of Eurocode over SNiP-based Kazakhstani building regulations, as the values of bearing resistance and elastic settlement adhering to Kazakhstani code exceeded the Eurocode values. The difference between the obtained results can be explained by the application of higher values of partial safety factors by Eurocode 7. Sensitivity analysis of the bearing resistance on foundation parameters (i.e., raft foundation width and pile length) for the Kazakhstani and European approaches was performed to support the conclusions of the study.

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