scholarly journals Stainless steel structures in fire

Author(s):  
L. Gardner
2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 110091
Author(s):  
Mian Zhou ◽  
Rui P.R. Cardoso ◽  
Hamid Bahai ◽  
Asif Usmani

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Caminero ◽  
Ana Romero ◽  
Jesús Miguel Chacón ◽  
Pedro José Núñez ◽  
Eustaquio García-Plaza ◽  
...  

Purpose Fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique using metal filled filaments in combination with debinding and sintering steps can be a cost-effective alternative for laser-based powder bed fusion processes. The mechanical behaviour of FFF-metal materials is highly dependent on the processing parameters, filament quality and adjusted post-processing steps. In addition, the microstructural material properties and geometric characteristics are inherent to the manufacturing process. The purpose of this study is to characterize the mechanical and geometric performance of three-dimensional (3-D) printed FFF 316 L metal components manufactured by a low-cost desktop 3-D printer. The debinding and sintering processes are carried out using the BASF catalytic debinding process in combination with the BASF 316LX Ultrafuse filament. Special attention is paid on the effects of build orientation and printing strategy of the FFF-based technology on the tensile and geometric performance of the 3-D printed 316 L metal specimens. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a toolset of experimental analysis techniques [metallography and scanning electron microcope (SEM)] to characterize the effect of microstructure and defects on the material properties under tensile testing. Shrinkage and the resulting porosity of the 3-D printed 316 L stainless steel sintered samples are also analysed. The deformation behaviour is investigated for three different build orientations. The tensile test curves are further correlated with the damage surface using SEM images and metallographic sections to present grain deformation during the loading progress. Mechanical properties are directly compared to other works in the field and similar additive manufacturing (AM) and Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) manufacturing alternatives from the literature. Findings It has been shown that the effect of build orientation was of particular significance on the mechanical and geometric performance of FFF-metal 3-D printed samples. In particular, Flat and On-edge samples showed an average increase in tensile performance of 21.7% for the tensile strength, 65.1% for the tensile stiffness and 118.3% for maximum elongation at fracture compared to the Upright samples. Furthermore, it has been able to manufacture near-dense 316 L austenitic stainless steel components using FFF. These properties are comparable to those obtained by other metal conventional processes such as MIM process. Originality/value 316L austenitic stainless steel components using FFF technology with a porosity lower than 2% were successfully manufactured. The presented study provides more information regarding the dependence of the mechanical, microstructural and geometric properties of FFF 316 L components on the build orientation and printing strategy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-908
Author(s):  
Zhongcheng Ma ◽  
Jarmo Havula ◽  
Frantisek Wald ◽  
Kamila Cabova

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 793-796
Author(s):  
Hui Zhu ◽  
Yu Ching Wu

In this paper, co-rotational total Lagrangian finite element formulation is derived, and the corresponding numerical model is developed to study creeping behavior of plane steel frames in fire. Geometrical nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, high temperature creeping, and temperature rising rate are taken into account. To verify accuracy and efficiency of the numerical model, four prototypical numerical examples are analyzed using this model. Results are in a great agreement with solutions in literatures. Then the numerical model is used to analyze creeping behavior of the plane steel frames when temperature is lowering. The numerical results have significant contribution to resistance and protection for steel structures against disastrous fires.


2017 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 532-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obinna Akaa ◽  
Anthony Abu ◽  
Michael Spearpoint ◽  
Sonia Giovinazzi

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