scholarly journals Empathic Tendency and Theory of Mind Skills in Young Individuals with Schizophrenia: Its’ Associations with Self-Reported Schizotypy and Executive Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
So Yeon Kim ◽  
Wanji Kong ◽  
Se Jun Koo ◽  
Hyeri Kim ◽  
Hye Yoon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Theory Of Mind

scholarly journals Impact of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on Theory of Mind and Executive Function in Major Depressive Disorder and Its Correlation with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Jie Tong ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Ying Jin ◽  
Weiqing Liu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Perseverative Errors

Background: Studies have implicated hypofrontality in the pathogenesis of impaired theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF) in major depressive disorder (MDD). These symptoms are usually resistant to treatment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to reverse hypofrontality. Moreover, BDNF is an effective biomarker of antidepressant effects, but there have been very few studies on the correlation between BDNF and rTMS. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 20 sessions of a 10 Hz unilateral rTMS intervention over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in improving ToM and EF in patients with MDD and its correlation with BDNF. Methods: A total of 120 MDD patients were enrolled in this randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial. Each participant received 20 sessions of rTMS at 10 Hz frequency through the active or the sham coil over 4 weeks. ToM was assessed with the facial emotion identification test (FEIT) and hinting task (HT). EF was assessed with the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST). BDNF assessments were carried out at baseline and 2-, 4-, 12-, and 24-week follow-ups. Results: The improvement in the ToM (FEIT, HT) in the active rTMS group was significantly different from that in the sham rTMS group (F = 18.09, p < 0.001; F = 5.02, p = 0.026). There were significant differences in the WCST (categories completed, response errors, response perseverative errors, non-response perseverative errors) after logarithmic transformation at different time points in the active rTMS group (F = 14.71, p < 0.001; F = 5.99, p = 0.046; F = 8.90, p = 0.031; F = 2.31, p = 0.048). However, there was no significant difference in log transformed BDNF concentration between the two groups (t = 0.07 to t = 1.29, p > 0.05). BDNF was negatively correlated with WCST categories completed at the 24th week (r = −0.258, p = 0.046). Conclusions: The results show that rTMS may improve the ToM and EF of patients with MDD and there was no significant correlation with serum BDNF concentration. RTMS can not only be used for treatment of patients with MDD but also has a positive effect on ToM and EF.

Social competence, theory of mind, and executive function in institution-reared Turkish children

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evren Etel ◽  
Bilge Yagmurlu
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Competence ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Turkish Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
Behavioral Assessments

This study had two aims. The first aim was to measure mental state understanding in institution-reared children by using a theory of mind (ToM) scale, and to examine the role of cultural context in sequencing of ToM acquisition. The other aim was to investigate ToM in relation to social competence and executive function (EF). Due to its pronounced role in mental state understanding and social interactions, we assessed receptive language as well. The participants were 107 institution-reared children aged 3 to 5 years in Turkey. Two visits were held within 2 days for behavioral assessments. In the first visit, the ToM scale was administered; in the second visit, the child was given the language test and the EF tasks. The social competence scales were completed by the child’s primary care provider in the institution. Guttman scaling analysis revealed that an understanding of diverse beliefs developed earlier than knowledge access, favoring the “individualistic pattern.” The regression analysis showed that EF was a significant predictor of ToM, but neither of them was associated with social competence when age was controlled. Receptive language predicted social competence and EF directly, and ToM indirectly through EF, pointing to the importance of this ability for early development.

The relationships among verbal ability, executive function, and theory of mind in young children with cochlear implants

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 881-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meizhu Liu ◽  
Lingxiang Wu ◽  
Weijing Wu ◽  
Guangdi Li ◽  
Taisheng Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Verbal Ability

scholarly journals A Multi-Method Investigation of Pragmatic Development in Individuals With Down Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Lee ◽  
Lauren Bush ◽  
Gary E. Martin ◽  
Jamie Barstein ◽  
Nell Maltman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Standardized Assessments ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Pragmatic Language ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Pragmatic Development ◽  
Mental Age

Abstract This longitudinal study examined pragmatic language in boys and girls with Down syndrome (DS) at up to three time points, using parent report, standardized and direct assessments. We also explored relationships among theory of mind, executive function, nonverbal mental age, receptive and expressive vocabulary, grammatical complexity, and pragmatic competence. Controlling for cognitive and language abilities, children with DS demonstrated greater difficulty than younger typically developing controls on parent report and standardized assessments, but only girls with DS differed on direct assessments. Further, pragmatic skills of individuals with DS developed at a delayed rate relative to controls. Some sex-specific patterns of pragmatic impairments emerged. Theory of mind and executive function both correlated with pragmatic competence. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Understanding Cognition and Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Alice M. Hammel ◽  
Ryan M. Hourigan
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Joint Attention ◽  
Music Cognition ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Music Classroom ◽  
Students With Autism

One of the most unique attributes of students with autism is the distinct way they think. This chapter sheds light on the cognitive world of students with autism in the music classroom. The following topics are included: theory of mind; central coherence; executive function; joint attention (and cognition); and music cognition and students with autism.

scholarly journals The mentalizing network and theory of mind mediate adjustment after childhood traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen R Hoskinson ◽  
Erin D Bigler ◽  
Tracy J Abildskov ◽  
Maureen Dennis ◽  
H Gerry Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Tbi

Abstract Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects over 600 000 children per year in the United States. Following TBI, children are vulnerable to deficits in psychosocial adjustment and neurocognition, including social cognition, which persist long-term. They are also susceptible to direct and secondary damage to related brain networks. In this study, we examine whether brain morphometry of the mentalizing network (MN) and theory of mind (ToM; one component of social cognition) mediates the effects of TBI on adjustment. Children with severe TBI (n = 15, Mage = 10.32), complicated mild/moderate TBI (n = 30, Mage = 10.81) and orthopedic injury (OI; n = 42, Mage = 10.65) completed measures of ToM and executive function and underwent MRI; parents rated children’s psychosocial adjustment. Children with severe TBI demonstrated reduced right-hemisphere MN volume, and poorer ToM, vs children with OI. Ordinary least-squares path analysis indicated that right-hemisphere MN volume and ToM mediated the association between severe TBI and adjustment. Parallel analyses substituting the central executive network and executive function were not significant, suggesting some model specificity. Children at greatest risk of poor adjustment after TBI could be identified based in part on neuroimaging of social brain networks and assessment of social cognition and thereby more effectively allocate limited intervention resources.

Executive function depletion in children and its impact on theory of mind

Cognition ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 150-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey J. Powell ◽  
Susan Carey
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Theory Of Mind

Does executive function influence the development of theory of mind in elementary students?

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyang Gao ◽  
Qianyao Huang ◽  
Qiaoling Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Elementary Students
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