scholarly journals Plant-herbivore interactions and secondary metabolites of plants: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Kariñho-Betancourt
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Chemistry ◽  
Plant Herbivore Interaction ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Herbivore Interaction

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Throughout disciplines including paleontology and molecular biology, hence using the fossil record or DNA sequences, ancestral and current plant-herbivore associations mediated by secondary compounds have been assessed. The coevolutionary model of “escape and radiation” predicts adaptive patterns at micro- and macro-evolutionary scale, resulted from the plant-herbivore interaction.</p><p><strong>Questions:</strong>  The study of plant-herbivore interaction and secondary metabolites, has been bias for two main reasons: (1) the interdisciplinary study of the interaction has “atomized" the field. (2) The conceptual framework of coevolution favored analysis either within populations or across taxa.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>I review the evolutionary history of the interaction and secondary metabolites, from paleontological and palebiochemical data. Then, based on empirical evidence of quantitative genetics and comparative methods, I examine the main assumptions of micro- and macro-evolutionary postulates of the coevolutionary model. Further, I overview the analytical approach for the study of plant defense within-species and across phylogeny.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Results:  </strong>Within species, (1) the coevolutionary dynamics shaping plants and herbivore phenotypes, and (2) the role of plant chemistry to constraint ecological interactions, are the most stressed patterns. Across phylogeny, (1) the role of plant chemistry to constraint insect host shifts, and (2) the implications of, and mechanism behind the evolutionary novelties, are more recently assessed.</p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>I suggest that future research should integrate both conceptual and analytical perspectives of micro- and macro-evolutionary approaches. One promising direction relies in modern molecular techniques that may open new research avenues by providing evidence for the function of complex genetic and genomic machineries behind biotic interactions.

Role of Calcium Signalling During Plant–Herbivore Interaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 491-510
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Ruby Panwar ◽  
Archana Singh ◽  
Indrakant Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Signalling ◽  
Plant Herbivore Interaction ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Herbivore Interaction

scholarly journals The Multifunctional Roles of Polyphenols in Plant-Herbivore Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1442
Author(s):  
Sukhman Singh ◽  
Ishveen Kaur ◽  
Rupesh Kariyat
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Physical Defenses ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Plant Herbivore

There is no argument to the fact that insect herbivores cause significant losses to plant productivity in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. To counter this continuous onslaught, plants have evolved a suite of direct and indirect, constitutive and induced, chemical and physical defenses, and secondary metabolites are a key group that facilitates these defenses. Polyphenols—widely distributed in flowering plants—are the major group of such biologically active secondary metabolites. Recent advances in analytical chemistry and metabolomics have provided an opportunity to dig deep into extraction and quantification of plant-based natural products with insecticidal/insect deterrent activity, a potential sustainable pest management strategy. However, we currently lack an updated review of their multifunctional roles in insect-plant interactions, especially focusing on their insect deterrent or antifeedant properties. This review focuses on the role of polyphenols in plant-insect interactions and plant defenses including their structure, induction, regulation, and their anti-feeding and toxicity effects. Details on mechanisms underlying these interactions and localization of these compounds are discussed in the context of insect-plant interactions, current findings, and potential avenues for future research in this area.

scholarly journals Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys spp. by LC-MS/MS

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Jagels ◽  
Viktoria Lindemann ◽  
Sebastian Ulrich ◽  
Christoph Gottschalk ◽  
Benedikt Cramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Analytical Standards ◽  
Respective Species

The genus Stachybotrys produces a broad diversity of secondary metabolites, including macrocyclic trichothecenes, atranones, and phenylspirodrimanes. Although the class of the phenylspirodrimanes is the major one and consists of a multitude of metabolites bearing various structural modifications, few investigations have been carried out. Thus, the presented study deals with the quantitative determination of several secondary metabolites produced by distinct Stachybotrys species for comparison of their metabolite profiles. For that purpose, 15 of the primarily produced secondary metabolites were isolated from fungal cultures and structurally characterized in order to be used as analytical standards for the development of an LC-MS/MS multimethod. The developed method was applied to the analysis of micro-scale extracts from 5 different Stachybotrys strains, which were cultured on different media. In that process, spontaneous dialdehyde/lactone isomerization was observed for some of the isolated secondary metabolites, and novel stachybotrychromenes were quantitatively investigated for the first time. The metabolite profiles of Stachybotrys species are considerably influenced by time of growth and substrate availability, as well as the individual biosynthetic potential of the respective species. Regarding the reported adverse effects associated with Stachybotrys growth in building environments, combinatory effects of the investigated secondary metabolites should be addressed and the role of the phenylspirodrimanes re-evaluated in future research.

scholarly journals Evolutionary responses to environmental change: trophic interactions affect adaptation and persistence

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1805) ◽  
pp. 20141351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarad P. Mellard ◽  
Claire de Mazancourt ◽  
Michel Loreau
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Plant Interaction ◽  
Persistence Time ◽  
Plant Persistence ◽  
Plant Herbivore Interaction ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Herbivore Interaction

According to recent reviews, the question of how trophic interactions may affect evolutionary responses to climate change remains unanswered. In this modelling study, we explore the evolutionary dynamics of thermal and plant–herbivore interaction traits in a warming environment. We find the herbivore usually reduces adaptation speed and persistence time of the plant by reducing biomass. However, if the plant interaction trait and thermal trait are correlated, herbivores can create different coevolutionary attractors. One attractor has a warmer plant thermal optimum, and the other a colder one compared with the environment. A warmer plant thermal strategy is given a head start under warming, the only case where herbivores can increase plant persistence under warming. Persistence time of the plant under warming is maximal at small or large thermal niche width. This study shows that considering trophic interactions is necessary and feasible for understanding how ecosystems respond to climate change.

scholarly journals The LifeWebs project: A call for data describing plant-herbivore interaction networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Maurice Fayle ◽  
Katerina Sam ◽  
Anna Humlova ◽  
Luciano Cagnolo ◽  
Vojtech Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Plant Herbivore Interaction ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Herbivore Interaction

Potential Selective Pressures by Parasitoids on a Plant-Herbivore Interaction

Ecology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Weis ◽  
Warren G. Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Plant Herbivore Interaction ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Herbivore Interaction

The role of isozyme studies in molecular systematics

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHD Brown
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Local Differentiation ◽  
System Migration ◽  
Potential Use

The recent emergence of molecular techniques for obtaining evidence from DNA sequences to use in systematic studies raises the question of whether the isozyme approach is now superseded. When should the experimental taxonomist spend the limited research dollar on isozymes and when on DNA techniques? The clearest advantages of the latter are the fundamental quality of the data (being directly at the DNA level), and their potential use at all levels of the taxonomic hierarchy. The relative advantages of isozyme techniques are their lower cost, ease and rapidity. Isozymes are most suited to addressing questions at the level of populations, subspecies and species, and only of limited use at higher levels. Yet it is precisely the species level where the systematist is often seeking a variety of evidence to support taxonomic concepts. The capacity to handle a large number of samples, in a directly comparative fashion, means that isozymes are ideal for studying microevolutionary processes such as mating system, migration, local differentiation and hybridisation. These processes act on all kinds of variation, and knowing about them will assist a taxonomist's approach to other levels of evidence. Finally isozyme analysis is useful in the design of sampling strategies and the choice of samples for in-depth molecular analysis. These points are illustrated by a study of variation in Glycine canescens and polyploid origins within the G. tomentella complex, and of partial cleistogamy in G. argyrea.

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