Salivary Cortisol Measurement as a Test for Dental Anxiety Before Tooth Extraction

ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate salivary cortisol levels in children of smokers and nonsmokers and thereby establishing the relationship between cortisol levels in response to anxiety in children based on their father's habit of smoking. Materials and Methods: The study population aged between 8 and 10 years includes two groups. Group 1 is comprised 20 children of cigarette smokers and Group 2 is comprised 20 children of nonsmokers. The passive drooling technique was used to collect unstimulated saliva from the children using a sterile container. Salivary cortisol levels were evaluated using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay method. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software and paired t-test. Results: Higher mean salivary cortisol levels were found in children of smokers compared to children of nonsmokers and the difference between them was significant statistically (P < 0.05). Higher salivary cortisol levels were found in females compared to males and the result was significant statistically (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study has proved that the smoking habit of the father has a negative influence on the anxiety levels of their children.

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The Evaluation of Dental Anxiety in Primary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study from Romania

Children ◽

10.3390/children7100158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 158

Author(s):

Ramona Vlad ◽

Anca Maria Pop ◽

Peter Olah ◽

Monica Monea

Keyword(s):

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Current Data ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Salivary Cortisol Level ◽

Cortisol Levels

Current data report that high levels of dental anxiety in children have a negative impact on oral health. The aim of this study was to measure dental anxiety, based on the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) used as a self-reported measure and to correlate its values with the salivary cortisol levels. The study was conducted in 2019 and included 389 children aged 6–9 years old; evaluation of dental anxiety and saliva sampling were performed. The influence of gender on the presence of dental anxiety was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, the salivary cortisol level was compared between anxious and non-anxious children and was further correlated with the ACDAS score (p < 0.05). Girls had higher odds of experiencing dental anxiety (odds ratio: 1.533, p = 0.041). Salivary cortisol levels were higher in anxious compared to non-anxious children (median 1.251 vs. 1.091 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and showed a positive moderate correlation with the ACDAS score (r = 0.411, p < 0.001). Children aged 6–9 years have a high prevalence of dental anxiety, with girls being more susceptible to this condition. Salivary cortisol levels are higher in anxious children and correlate positively with the ACDAS score, proving that ACDAS can be used for the detection of dental anxiety.

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Increased Salivary Cortisol in Severe Dental Anxiety

Psychophysiology ◽

10.1111/j.1469-8986.1992.tb01703.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 302-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Carmen Benjamins ◽

Henk Asscheman ◽

Albert H.B. Schuurs

Keyword(s):

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Dental Anxiety

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The effect of accompany person to level of anxiety on tooth extraction patients using blood pressure, pulse rate, and dental anxiety scale

Indonesia Journal of Biomedical Science ◽

10.15562/ijbs.v13i1.189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Putu Lestari Sudirman ◽

I Putu Gede Adiatmika

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Rate ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Pressure Pulse ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Accompany Person

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Tingkat kecemasan dental anak usia 7-12 tahun yang akan melakukan ekstraksi gigiDental anxiety level of 7 - 12-years old children who will perform tooth extraction at dental hospital

Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students ◽

10.24198/pjdrs.v3i1.22486 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Ni Putu Nathalia Emilly Mathius ◽

Linda Sari Sembiring ◽

Meilani Rohinsa

Keyword(s):

Tooth Extraction ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Pressure Pulse ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

Dental Procedures ◽

Behavioural Assessment ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

Behaviour Rating

Pendahuluan: Kecemasan merupakan suatu hal yang sering dialami oleh sebagian pasien yang akan melakukan prosedur perawatan dental. Kecemasan dental merupakan respon kecemasan yang hampir identik dengan respon rasa takut, yang keduanya memiliki fisiologis, kognitif serta komponen perilaku. Kecemasan dental sendiri merupakan salah satu hal yang harus diperhatikan karena tidak hanya akan menyebabkan stres kepada pasien melainkan juga pada dokter gigi saat akan melakukan perawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kecemasan dental anak usia 7-12 tahun yang akan melakukan ekstraksi gigi di Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Maranatha. Metode: Jenis penilaian kecemasan dilakukan dengan pengisian kuisioner MDAS serta penilaian perilaku anak dilakukan dengan Frankl behaviour rating scale. Hasil: Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan dari segi psikologis sebanyak tujuh anak (64%) memiliki tingkat kecemasan rendah dan empat anak (36%) memiliki tingkat kecemasan sedang. Perilaku anak menunjukkan sikap pasti positif dan positif saat menjalani prosedur ekstraksi gigi, serta dari segi fisiologis terdapat peningkatan tekanan darah dan denyut nadi pada saat anak berada di kursi gigi. Simpulan: Tingkat kecemasan dental anak usia 7-12 tahun yang akan melakukan ekstraksi gigi di Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Maranatha paling banyak dalam kategori rendah dengan perilaku menunjukkan sikap pasti positif dan positif saat menjalani prosedur ekstraksi gigi.Kata kunci: Kecemasan gigi, tekanan darah, denyut nadi, MDAS, skala penilaian perilaku Frankl. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Anxiety is a common thing experienced by some patients who will perform dental procedures. Dental anxiety is an anxious response which almost identical to the fear response, both of which have physiological, cognitive and behavioral components. Dental anxiety is one of the things that has to be considered because not only will cause stress to the patient but also to the dentist when the treatment is about to start. This study was aimed to determine the level of dental anxiety of 7 - 12-years old children who will perform tooth extraction at Maranatha Dental Hospital. Methods: Anxiety assessment was done by filling out the MDAS questionnaire as well as the child's behavioural assessment performed with the Frankl behaviour rating scale. Results: From the research that has been done, in terms of psychological, seven children (64%) had low anxiety level and four children (36%) had moderate anxiety level. Child behavior showed positive and definitely positive attitude while they were undergoing dental extraction Conclusion: The level of dental anxiety of 7 - 12-years old children who will perform tooth extraction at Maranatha Dental Hospital mostly found in the lowest category, with a very positive and positive attitude when undergoing tooth extraction procedures.Keywords: Dental anxiety, blood pressure, pulse rate, MDAS, Frankl behaviour rating scale

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Can music at a frequency of 432 Hz reduce dental anxiety in patients undergoing tooth extraction?

http://isrctn.com/ ◽

10.1186/isrctn28195632 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pedro Aravena

Keyword(s):

Tooth Extraction ◽

Dental Anxiety

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Using Patch ECG Device During Lower Third Molar Surgery

International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare ◽

10.4018/ijrqeh.2021100102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 26-37

Author(s):

Ana Prkic ◽

Ivan Tomasic ◽

Antonella Lesin ◽

Tina Becic ◽

Danijela Kalibovic Govorko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tooth Extraction ◽

Sinus Tachycardia ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Third Molar ◽

Cardiac Activity ◽

Heart Rhythm ◽

Third Molar Surgery ◽

Difficulty Score ◽

Flap Elevation

This study aimed to evaluate cardiac activity changes during lower third molar surgery concerning gender and anxiety levels. Thirty healthy subjects who required lower third molar surgery filled out Norman Corah dental anxiety scale (DAS) before surgery. A patch ECG device (Savvy, Institute ''Jožef Stefan'', Ljubljana, Slovenia) was applied to the patient to evaluate heart rate (HR) and heart rhythm. These parameters were assessed in 8 different intervals. Periods of the highest mean HR values—incision and flap elevation compared to the period with minimal mean HR values—during suturing showed statistical significance difference (p<0.05). The most common outstanding ECG finding was sinus tachycardia, especially in anxious compared to non-anxious patients. Extraction difficulty score was correlated with the procedure duration time and with the abnormal ECG findings in the period of tooth extraction. Significant cardiac activity changes are detected during surgery. Physiological manifestations of anxiety may be evaluated successfully using a patch ECG device.

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