scholarly journals Sulphur status in agricultural soils determined using the Mehlich 3 method

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbíral Jiří ◽  
Smatanová Michaela ◽  
Němec Pavel
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Content Category ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Archived Samples ◽  
Term Field

Several sets of soil samples were chosen to demonstrate the applicability of the Mehlich 3 extractant for the determination of sulphur (S) in soils. Archived samples from 139 basal soil monitoring plots (BSMS) sampled in 1995 and 2013, samples from eleven long-term field trials sampled in 1981 and 2017, 1167 soil samples from the areas vulnerable to S losses and 720 samples from the non-vulnerable areas sampled in 2010 were chosen for the experiments. Mehlich 3 clearly showed a statistically highly significant decrease in the soil S content caused by reduction of SO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the long-term field experiments from 33 mg/kg in 1981 to 8 mg/kg in 2017 for the median of the untreated controls. Similar results were obtained for BSMS samples, where an average decrease from 26 mg/kg in 1995 to 17 mg/kg in 2013 was found. Mehlich 3 also showed that more than 52% of samples from the areas vulnerable to S losses were in a very low content category in contrast to only 3% of soils from the other areas. Mehlich 3 clearly proved the capacity to distinguish changes in the content of soil S in all studied cases.  

scholarly journals Potassium status of sod-podzolic loamy soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(26) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
V.G. Sychev ◽  
◽  
L.V. Nikitina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Term Field ◽  
Exchangeable Form

Potassium is one of the essential plant nutrients. Despite numerous surveys, some issues related to the transformation of potassium in soils require additional study. The purpose of the research was to study the potassium transformation in sod-podzolic loamy soils and its entry into plants influenced by various farming methods in long-term field experiments of different duration. Field experiments were conducted at the experimental station of the FSBSI “Pryanishnikov Institute of Agrochemistry” located in the Moscow region, Domodedovo district, village of Barybino. To study the potassium status, an archive of soil samples created in the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers was used. Soil samples were collected in long-term field experiments after their closure (experiment SH-8, year of laying – 1971–1973, duration – 14 years) or modification (experiment SH-5, year of laying – 1964-1966, duration – 28 years). The experimental schemes included the systematic introduction of various fertilizing systems (organic, mineral, organo-mineral) and the determination of their impact on crop rotation productivity and soil fertility. Previous studies have shown that the formation of the crop yield in the context of long-term potassium deficiency burdened by the absence of fertilization was chiefly due to the consumption of non-exchangeable potassium by plants. For the 14–year period, the annual use of non-exchangeable potassium in the control and NP variants was 62.0-63.0 kg K2O/ha. As potassium reserves in the soil of the control variant become depleted (longer experiment), its assimilation from the non-exchangeable form decreased by 1.6 times and amounted to 39.5 kg K2O/ha. The use of a mineral fertilizing system (potassium dose < 90 kg/ha for 14 years) increased the annual mobilization of the non-exchangeable form of the element (over 100 kg/ha of K2O). The transformation of soil potassium forms that differed in the degree of their availability for plants was determined by the fertilizing systems, the doses of potassium fertilizers in the systems, as well as the duration of the experiments.

scholarly journals Drought response of modern and old oat lines in greenhouse and long-term field trials

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Mäkelä ◽  
Leena Väärälä ◽  
Riikka Rajalahti ◽  
Ari Rajala ◽  
Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Plant Breeding Institute ◽  
The University ◽  
Term Field

This study compares the response of old and modern oat (Avena sutiva L.) lines to pre-anthesis precipitation in long-term field trials, and to pre- and post-anthesis drought in the greenhouse. Long-term field trials were carried out at the Experimental Farms of Hankkija Plant Breeding Institute and the University of Helsinki between 1965 and 1988. Grain yield of 12 oat lines (released since 1959) was compared with that of the check lines. The effect of differences in May-June precipitation on grain yield was established for different lines. Greenhouse experiments included 19 oat lines (released since 1921) and three wild species of oat (A. barbata L., A. sterilis max. L. and A. fatua L.). The data from greenhouse experiments were analysed using discriminant analysis in groups of old (released before 1970s), modern, and wild oat types. Ranking of the oat lines according to results from long-term field trials and greenhouse experiments was not consistent; contrary to the field experiments, the old lines tended to be the most drought sensitive when tested in the greenhouse. Therefore, the simple and non-laborious methods used in this study for ranking of drought sensitivity of oat lines are not recommended.

scholarly journals Phosphorus fertilisation under nitrogen limitation can deplete soil carbon stocks – evidence from Swedish meta-replicated long-term field experiments

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 16527-16551 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Poeplau ◽  
M. A. Bolinder ◽  
H. Kirchmann ◽  
T. Kätterer
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Heterotrophic Respiration ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Soc Stocks ◽  
Term Field

Abstract. Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils can mitigate atmospheric CO2 concentration and also contribute to increase soil fertility and ecosystem resilience. The role of major nutrients on SOC dynamics is complex, due to simultaneous effects on net primary productivity (NPP) that influence crop residue carbon inputs and on the rate of heterotrophic respiration (carbon outputs). This study investigated the effect on SOC stocks of three different levels of phosphorus and potassium (PK) fertilisation rates in the absence of nitrogen fertilisation and of three different levels of nitrogen in the absence of PK. This was done by analysing data from 10 meta-replicated Swedish long-term field experiments (> 45 years). With N fertilisation, SOC stocks followed yield increases. However, for all PK levels, we found average SOC losses ranging from −0.04 ± 0.09 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (ns) for the lowest to −0.09 ± 0.07 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (p = 0.008) for the highest application rate, while crop yields as a proxy for carbon input increased significantly with PK fertilization by 1, 10 and 15 %. We conclude that SOC dynamics are mainly output-driven in the PK fertilised regime but mostly input-driven in the N fertilised regime, due to the much more pronounced response of NPP to N than to PK fertilisation. It has been established that P rather than K is the element affecting ecosystem carbon fluxes, where P fertilisation has been shown to: (i) stimulate heterotrophic respiration, (ii) reduce the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and (iii) decrease crop root : shoot ratio, leading to lower root-derived carbon input. The higher export of N in the PK fertilised plots in this study could (iv) have led to increased N mining and thus mineralisation of organic matter. More integrated experiments are needed to gain a better understanding of the relative importance of each of the above-mentioned mechanisms leading to SOC losses after P addition.

scholarly journals Phosphorus fertilisation under nitrogen limitation can deplete soil carbon stocks: evidence from Swedish meta-replicated long-term field experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1119-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Poeplau ◽  
Martin A. Bolinder ◽  
Holger Kirchmann ◽  
Thomas Kätterer
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Heterotrophic Respiration ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Soc Stocks ◽  
Term Field

Abstract. Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils can mitigate atmospheric CO2 concentration and also contribute to increased soil fertility and ecosystem resilience. The role of major nutrients in SOC dynamics is complex, due to simultaneous effects on net primary productivity (NPP) that influence crop residue carbon inputs and in the rate of heterotrophic respiration (carbon outputs). This study investigated the effect on SOC stocks of three different levels of phosphorus and potassium (PK) fertilisation rates in the absence of nitrogen fertilisation and of three different levels of nitrogen fertiliser in the absence of PK fertiliser. This was done by analysing data from 10 meta-replicated Swedish long-term field experiments (> 45 years). With N fertilisation, SOC stocks followed yield increases. However, for all PK levels, we found average SOC losses ranging from −0.04 ± 0.09 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (ns) for the lowest to −0.09 ± 0.07 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (p =  0.008) for the highest application rate, while crop yields as a proxy for carbon input increased significantly with PK fertilisation by 1, 10 and 15 %. We conclude that SOC dynamics are mainly output-driven in the PK-fertilised regime but mostly input-driven in the N-fertilised regime, due to the much more pronounced response of NPP to N than to PK fertilisation. It has been established that P rather than K is the element affecting ecosystem carbon fluxes, where P fertilisation has been shown to (i) stimulate heterotrophic respiration, (ii) reduce the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and (iii) decrease the crop root : shoot ratio, leading to higher root-derived carbon input. The higher export of N in the PK-fertilised plots in this study could (iv) have led to increased N mining and thus mineralisation of organic matter. More integrated experiments are needed to gain a better understanding of the relative importance of each of the above-mentioned mechanisms leading to SOC losses after P addition.

scholarly journals Differences in soil sulfur fractions due to limitation of atmospheric deposition

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Száková ◽  
D. Pavlíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic S ◽  
Soil Sulfur ◽  
Term Field

The aim of this work was to estimate the changes in contents of different sulfur (S) fractions in soils under conditions of lowering inputs of S from emissions together with the influence of application of manure and mineral fertilizers. Soil samples from long-term field experiments were used for this purpose. The samples were taken from 10 sites from precise long-term field experiments with different soil-climatic conditions in the Czech Republic. The samples were analyzed using the following fractionation: (i) water soluble S (H<sub>2</sub>O extracts), (ii) sorbed S (0.032M NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> extracts) and (iii) S occluded with carbonates (1M HCl extract). Furthermore, the concentration of total S (S<sub>tot</sub>) and organic S (S<sub>org</sub>) was determined. Soil samples were taken in the years 1981 and 2007. During 26 years a decrease of S<sub>tot</sub> by about 3–8%, water soluble S by 65–68% and sorbed S by 39–44% were observed in the topsoil of the evaluated soils. Furthermore, a low increase in the content of organic S was observed. The estimated ratio of S<sub>org</sub> reached 78.7–80.9% from S<sub>tot</sub> in the year 1981 and 87.7–89.8% in 2007. Farmyard manure (40 t/ha) applied every 4 years did not have a significant influence on S fractions and S<sub>tot</sub> contents in soils; intensive S fertilizing increased S<sub>tot</sub> and mobile S forms contents in soils. Very close correlations were obtained especially between S<sub>tot</sub> and water soluble S and organic S.

Critical plant phosphorus for winter wheat assessed from long-term field experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 126263
Author(s):  
Mario Fontana ◽  
Gilles Bélanger ◽  
Juliane Hirte ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Saïd Elfouki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Term Field

Long-term field experiments of the world

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Debreczeni ◽  
Martin Körschens
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
The World ◽  
Term Field

Soil test phosphorus as affected by phosphorus budgets in two long-term field experiments in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 158-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Zicker ◽  
Sabine von Tucher ◽  
Mareike Kavka ◽  
Bettina Eichler-Löbermann
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Phosphorus Budgets ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
Term Field
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