Wave Climate and Trends for the Marine Experimental Station of Capo Tirone Based on a 70-Year-Long Hindcast Dataset

Nearshore marine systems provide multiple economic and ecological services to human communities. Several studies addressing the climate change stressors and the inappropriate use of the sea indicate a decline of coastal areas. An extensive monitoring of the most important marine sites and protected areas is crucial to design effective environmental-friendly measures to support the sustainable development of coastal regions. A 70-year-long wave climate analysis is presented to study the climatology of the area belonging to the Marine Experimental Station of Capo Tirone, Italy. The analysis is based on the global atmospheric reanalysis developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, validated through an observed buoy dataset recorded by the Italian Sea Wave Measurement Network. No significant long-term trends have been detected. The need to set up new monitoring stations has been pointed out by means of a hydrodynamic model developed at the regional scale, evaluating the effect of the local morphology on the nearshore wave climate and highlighting the importance of surveying the marine protected area of Capo Tirone located therein.

Agroecological land typification

The minimum required information and the sequence of agroecological land type allocation on the land management territory of the experimental station (ES) located in the forest-steppe of the Priob'ye region of Novosibirsk is described. Two agroecological land types are distinguished: the first type (upland lands) is represented by leached chernozem in combination with common, podzolized and dark-grey forest soils; the second type (slightly erosive lands) is represented by leached chernozem in combination with dark-grey forest soils. Soil cover of ES in both types of lands is represented by leached chernozem (Lch-2-2s), the share of which for the first type is 75.26%, for the second - 76.26% of the total area of the types. The first agroecological land type is characterized by a range of heights from 134 to 165 m. The working areas are located on the slopes between 0 and 3 degrees in relation to the terrain angle. Vertical dissection of the relief averages 1.3 m, horizontal dissection by erosion forms is 0.8 km/km2. The second type of land is characterized by an elevation of 113 to 137 meters above sea level and a slope of 1 to 4 degrees. Vertical dissection of the terrain averages 1.7 m, horizontal dissection by erosion forms 0.9 km/km2. Typification was carried out with the help of a generated Digital Land Use Model (DLM) of the ES based on the analysis of geographical information, remote sensing materials (ERS) and cadastral map. The DLM consists of the following geo-information layers: topography, land cover, digital elevation model (DEM), working areas. The DEM includes information on slope steepness and exposure, vertical and horizontal dissection.

Genetic diversity of Malus Mill. in the collection plantings of the Experimental pomology station named after L. P. Symyrenko

Gene pool of apple trees of the Experimental Station of Pomology named after L. P. Symyrenko IS of NAAS of Ukraine is supported in the “field gene bank” and has more than 1260 samples. The main task that gene banks solve is to preserve the genetic diversity of plants for present and future generations of people. As a result of attracting new samples to the collection and studying the imported introduced material, the selected sources of economically valuable traits are transferred for further inclusion in the selection programs of other research institutions. The genetic potential of apple productivity and resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors is far from exhausted.

IMPORT SUBSTITUTION OF SEEDS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KALININGRAD REGION

In the 90s of the last century, the existing seed production system was headed by the Kaliningrad Agricultural Experimental Station (now the Kaliningrad Research Institute of Agriculture) and about 50 specialized seed farms. In the course of the agrarian reform being carried out at that time and as the state and collective farms were reorganized into LLPs, JSCs, etc. the destruction of the existing seed production system took place. The author conducts a systematic analysis of the current situation and proposes import substitution of fodder seeds using the example of the Kaliningrad region.

Using satellite images to assess the state of arable fields on the example of the East Kazakhstan region

This article proposes a methodology for assessing the state of arable fields based on the use of Sentinel 2 satellite data. The essence of this methodology is cluster analysis of NDVI vegetation index profiles for a number of years, as well as expert analysis of the obtained results. The proposed method for assessing the state of arable fields has been tested on the example of arable lands of East Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station LLP. This method can be used to optimize crop placement.

Primorye vegetable experimental station: results and prospects

Увеличение численности населения на российском Дальнем Востоке (РДВ) и ее стабилизация связаны прежде всего с привлекательностью и оптимизацией здорового питания проживающего здесь населения. Основа такого питания – снабжение свежими овощами и пищевыми продуктами, изготовленными на основе свежих, переработанных и законсервированных овощей. Проблема самообеспечения населения Дальнего Востока продуктами сельского хозяйства возникла с начала его освоения, т. е. с середины XVIII века, и даже сегодня еще далека от решения. Для устранения дефицита овощной продукции (391,1 тыс. т) нами рассчитаны необходимые объемы производства овощей на Дальнем Востоке для полного самообеспечения населения на период с 2020 по 2025 годы. Приморский край, будучи самым южным регионом России, не отличается по уровню самообеспеченности населения овощами. Производство овощей резко изменяется по годам, вследствие чего этот показатель варьирует от 53,1 до 86,8%, что лишь немногим превышает самообеспеченность в целом по Дальнему Востоку. К числу причин, сдерживающих развитие овощеводства в Приморском крае, можно отнести и недостаточное научное обеспечение этой отрасли. Для решения этой проблемы была создана Приморская овощная опытная станция, история которой начинается с создания в 1980 году в селе Кневичи Приморского края Дальневосточного опорного пункта ВНИИ овощного хозяйства. Сотрудники этого учреждения стали вести исследования по актуальным проблемам овощеводства в Приморском крае (технологическая модернизация возделывания овощей в полевых условиях и зимних блочных теплицах; селекция и семеноводство; вопросы земледелия, агрохимии и защиты растений от болезней, вредителей и сорной растительности). Цель данной публикации – обобщить многолетнюю работу Приморской овощной опытной станции – филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО по научному обеспечению овощеводства Приморского края и показать перспективу дальнейшей деятельности этого научного коллектива. The increase in the population in the Russian Far East and its stabilization are primarily associated with the attractiveness and optimization of a healthy diet of the population living here, which is based on the supply of fresh vegetables and food products made on the basis of fresh, processed and canned vegetables. The problem of self-sufficiency of the population of the Far East with agricultural products has arisen since the beginning of its development, i. e. since the middle of the 18th century, and is still far from being solved. To eliminate the above-mentioned shortage of vegetable products (391.1 thousand tons), we have calculated the necessary volumes of vegetable production in the Far East for full self-sufficiency of the population for the period from 2020 to 2025. Primorsky Territory, which is the southernmost region of Russia, does not differ in the level of self-sufficiency of the population with vegetables. Vegetable production varies dramatically over the years, as a result of which this indicator varies from 53.1 to 86.8%, which is only slightly higher than self-sufficiency in the Far East as a whole. Among the reasons hindering the development of vegetable growing in the Primorsky Territory, we can also include insufficient scientific support for this industry. For this purpose, the Primorsky Vegetable Experimental Station was created, the history of which begins with the creation in 1980 in the village of Knevichi of the Primorsky Territory of the Far Eastern reference point of the Vegetable Research Institute. As a result of the work of this institution, research began to be carried out on topical problems of vegetable growing in the Primorsky Territory (technological modernization of vegetable cultivation processes in the field and winter block greenhouses; selection and seed production; issues of agriculture, agrochemistry and plant protection from diseases, pests and weeds). The purpose of this publication is to summarize the long – term work of the Primorsky Vegetable Experimental Station – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution for the scientific support of vegetable growing in the Primorsky Territory and to show the prospects for the further activities of this scientific team.

Yield dynamics of natural pine stands in the Forest Experimental Station of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy with 1860

Due to the longevity of forest vegetation, the problem of its age-related changes remains the least studied and most urgent. For 150 years, the Forest Experimental Station has been an experimental testing ground for a number of generations of foresters who have created experimental facilities to solve a number of pressing problems. On the example of natural pine stands with 1860, it was shown that in an urbanized environment, the life cycle of stands is accelerated, and their durability is reduced. At the same time, under the influence of negative factors (emissions from transport, enterprises, recreational load, etc.), a decrease in yield is observed.

Creation of competitive varieties of melon and pumpkin with valuable economic trends

Relevance. The soil and climatic conditions of the Lower Trans-Volga region are considered favorable for melon growing and make it possible to obtain high-quality products. The purpose of the research was to create new competitive varieties and hybrids of melon and pumpkin.Materials and methods. The object of the research is new varieties of melon and butternut pumpkin created at the Bykovskaya melon breeding experimental station. Melon cultivar Osen and pumpkin cv. Zhemchuzhina were used as standards. The methods of creation are intervarietal hybridization, individual and mass selection. During the growing season, appropriate observations and counts were carried out.Results. As a result of many years of breeding work at the Bykovskaya cucurbits selection experimental station, a melon cultivar 251 and a pumpkin cultivar 509 have been created. both producers and consumers. Therefore, the obtained varieties were evaluated for taste, yield, resistance to biological and abiofactors of the environment, dry matter content, fruit size, fruit and pulp color. During the comparative assessment of the accessions, it was determined that the new varieties of melon and pumpkin exceed the standards in terms of the main economically valuable traits. The average yield during the study, in the melon cultivar 251, exceeded the standard by 47.8%. In the pumpkin cultivar, the average yield for three years of research exceeded the standard by 69.6%. In terms of taste, the new melon variety was at the level of the standard, the cv. Osen. A variety of butternut pumpkin exceeded the standard in all quality indicators. The susceptibility to powdery mildew in the melon cultivar varied depending on the year of research. The melon sample showed resistance to anthracnose higher than the standard by 16.4 and 18.6%, over the years of study. In the pumpkin cultivar, resistance to powdery mildew and anthracnose was higher than the standard, on average by 34.9% to powdery mildew and by 28.6% to anthracnose. Thus, new varieties of melon and pumpkin meet the modern requirements of the industrial melon industry, are resistant to environmental stress factors, common diseases, and have economically valuable traits.

Shuttle breeding in sunflower lines development

Shuttle breeding is a breeding system where generations undergo sequential evaluations at different locations, developed by N. Borlaug. Our study aims to demonstrate an opportunity of application shuttle breeding method in sunflower lines development and also to show its advantages and disadvantages. Experiments were mainly conducted at the Central Station (Krasnodar) of All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK). Krasnodar region is situated in the Southern part of Russia near the Black Sea. Part of our work was made at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (Karaj, Iran) and Experimental Station near Borozdjan (Busher Province of Iran). Released and experimental sunflower hybrids and lines of VNIIMK breeding were used as a material. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. Each replication had four rows and two central rows were analyzed only to exclude the border effect. It is shown that the application of the shuttle breeding technique to sunflower was highly successful and results in elite line development.