scholarly journals A macroanatomic study on the facial vein and its branches in the Van cat

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 400-404
Author(s):  
HH Ari ◽  
Z. Soyguder ◽  
S. Cinaroglu ◽  
S. Sefergil
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Surface ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Vein System ◽  
Direct Continuation ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
The Face

In this study, five adult Van cats of both sexes, which were obtained from the Van Cat Research Centre, were used as materials. After the washing of the veins of the cats with saline via an external jugular vein, latex was injected via the same vessel into the vein system. Then, materials were fixed and after solidification of the latex, the veins were dissected, identified and presented in images. The majority of the venous drainage of the face is done by the facial vein, which is the direct continuation of the linguofacial vein in the intermandibular region, and its branches. In the Van cat, the facial vein gives off the inferior labial vein, the deep facial vein, the angular vein of the mouth and the masseteric branch on the lateral surface of the face. The facial vein then gives off the medial inferior palpebral vein, the superior labial vein and the lateral nasal vein at the level of the levatory nasolabial muscle and the angular vein of the eye and the dorsal nasal vein at the level of medial angle of the eye. The presence of a masseteric branch which is given by the facial vein and the ramifying of the deep facial vein into the descending palatine vein, the anastomotic branch of the superficial temporal vein and the external ophthalmic vein which is given by the deep facial vein in the Van cat demonstrates that there are differences in the presence, ramification and distribution either of the facial vein or of its branches as compared to domestic cats.

scholarly journals Termination of the facial vein into the external jugular vein: an anatomical variation

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhani Sumalatha D'Silva ◽  
Thejodhar Pulakunta ◽  
Bhagath Kumar Potu
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Facial Artery ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Anterior Division

Different patterns of variations in the venous drainage have been observed in the past. During routine dissection in our Department of Anatomy, an unusual drainage pattern of the veins of the left side of the face of a middle aged cadaver was observed. The facial vein presented a normal course from its origin up to the base of mandible, and then it crossed the base of mandible posteriorly to the facial artery. Thereafter, it joined with the anterior division of retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, which drained into the external jugular vein directly. Sound anatomic knowledge of the above variation in facial veins is essential to the success of surgical procedures in this region.

scholarly journals Undivided Retromandibular Vein Leading to the Absence of External Jugular Vein

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Y. Rao ◽  
Vaishnavi Ballal ◽  
B. Murlimanju ◽  
Mangala Pai ◽  
Mamatha Tonse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Physician ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

AbstractWe report a case of undivided retromandibular vein (RV) that was associated with the absence of external jugular vein (EJV). This variation in the jugular venous system was observed on the right side of the neck of a male cadaver. The posterior auricular vein drained into the RV, which joined the facial vein resulting in a common trunk. This common trunk then drained directly into the internal jugular vein (IJV) thus bypassing the whole venous drainage area of the EJV. It is believed that the knowledge about the venous variations, as in the present case, is enlightening to the clinicians. The preoperative evaluation of the venous system is essential to prevent complications like catastrophic bleeding and embolism. The knowledge may guide the emergency physician for a quicker cannulation of the veins.

scholarly journals Venous arrangement of the head and neck in humans - anatomic variability and its clinical inferences

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 022-028 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Silva ◽  
J. Henriques ◽  
J. Silva ◽  
V. Camargos ◽  
P. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common

Abstract Introduction: The knowledge of morphological variations of the veins of the head and neck is essential for health professionals, both for diagnostic procedures as for clinical and surgical planning. This study described changes in the following structures: retromandibular vein and its divisions, including the relationship with the facial nerve, facial vein, common facial vein and jugular veins. Material and Methods: The variations of the veins were analyzed in three heads, five hemi-heads (right side) and two hemi-heads (left side) of unknown age and sex. Results: The changes only on the right side of the face were: union between the superficial temporal and maxillary veins at a lower level; absence of the common facial vein and facial vein draining into the external jugular vein. While on the left, only, it was noted: posterior division of retromandibular, after unite with the common facial vein, led to the internal jugular vein; union between the posterior auricular and common facial veins to form the external jugular and union between posterior auricular and common facial veins to terminate into internal jugular. The absence of the anterior and posterior divisions of retromandibular vein was observed on both sides of the face. Conclusion: These findings provide relevant informations about important vessels of the head and neck and will contribute to the appropriate clinical and / or surgical planning, aiming at the preservation of important structures.

scholarly journals Launay’s External Carotid Vein

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Mihaela Daniela Manta ◽  
Adelina Maria Jianu ◽  
Mugurel Constantin Rusu ◽  
Şerban Arghir Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
The Third ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
The Common ◽  
Anterior Division

Background and Objectives: Launay’s external carotid vein (ECV) is poorly represented in the anatomical literature, although it is an occasional satellite of the external carotid artery (ECA). We aimed to establish the incidence and morphology of the ECV. Materials and Methods: One hundred computed tomography angiograms were investigated, and ECVs were documented anatomically, when found. Results: Launay’s vein was found in 3/200 sides (1.5%) in a male and two female cases. In two of these cases, the ECV was a replaced variant of the anterior division of the retromandibular vein (RMV), and the facial vein (FV) ended in the external jugular vein. In the third case with the ECV, the RMV was absent and the common FV that resulted from that ECV and the FV drained into the internal jugular vein. The ECV could also appear as an accessory RMV, not just as a replaced one. Additional variants were found, such as fenestration of the external jugular vein (EJV), the extracondylar vein draining the deep temporal veins and an arterial occipitoauricular trunk. Conclusions: Surgical dissections of the ECA in the retromandibular space should carefully observe an ECV to avoid unwanted haemorrhagic events. Approaches of the neck of the mandible should also carefully distinguish the consistent extracondylar veins.

Superior venous drainage in the “LifeBox”: a portable extracorporeal oxygenator with a self-expanding venous cannula

Perfusion ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Berdajs ◽  
Frank Born ◽  
Monique Crosset ◽  
Judith Horisberger ◽  
Andreas Künzli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
The Self ◽  
Patient Transport ◽  
Drainage Device ◽  
Venous Cannula ◽  
The Common ◽  
Line Pressure

Background: In an experimental setting, the performance of the LifeBox, a new portable extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) system suitable for patient transport, is presented. Standard rectilinear percutaneous cannulae are normally employed for this purpose, but have limited flow and pressure delivery due to their rigid structure. Therefore, we aimed to determine the potential for flow increase by using self-expanding venous cannulae. Methods: Veno-arterial bypass was established in three pigs (40.6±5.1 kg). The venous line of the cardiopulmonary bypass was established by cannulation of the external jugular vein. The arterial side of the circulation was secured by cannulation of the common carotid artery. Two different venous cannulae (SmartCanula 18/36F 430mm and Biomedicus 19F) were examined for their functional integrity when used in conjunction with the centrifugal pump (500-3000 RPM) of the LifeBox system. Results: At 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 RPM, the blood flow increased steadily for each cannula, but remained higher in the self-expanding cannula. That is, the 19F rectilinear cannula achieved a blood flow of 0.93±0.14, 1.47±0.37, 1.9±0.68, and 1.5±0.9 l/min, respectively, and the 18/36F self-expanding cannula achieved 1.1±0.1, 1.9±0.33, 2.8±0.39 and 3.66±0.52 l/min. However, when tested for venous line pressure, the standard venous cannula achieved -29±10.7mmHg while the self-expanding cannula achieved -13.6 ±4.3mmHg at 1500 RMP. As the RPM increased from 2500 to 3000, the venous line pressure accounted for −141.9±20 and −98±7.3mmHg for the 19F rectilinear cannula and -30.6±6.4 and -45±11.6mmHg for the self-expanding cannula. Conclusion: The self-expanding cannula exhibited superior venous drainage ability when compared to the performance of the standard rectilinear cannula with the use of the LifeBox. The flow rate achieved was approximately 40% greater than the standard drainage device, with a maximal pump flow recorded at 4.3l/min.

Common carotid blood temperature

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Rubenstein ◽  
Daniel W. Meub ◽  
Frederic Eldridge
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Blood Temperature ◽  
Anterior Aspect ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Oxide Anesthesia

Common carotid artery blood temperature was measured by means of a needle thermistor in seven subjects under thiopental-nitrous oxide anesthesia. In each subject the blood temperature was within 0.2°C of the oral temperature. In the one subject so tested, the breathing of air chilled to 4°C had no effect on the common carotid blood temperature. In four out of five subjects the common carotid artery temperature was lowered (0.2°–0.5°C) by applying cold packs to the homolateral side of the anterior aspect of the face and forehead for 5–20 minutes. In the fifth subject there was no change. The probable mechanism of this cooling is heat exchange between the artery and the internal jugular vein which drains the chilled structures through the common facial vein. Rewarming the face and forehead had no significant effect on the common carotid blood temperature. Submitted on July 8, 1959

scholarly journals Facial Vein Variation: A Cadaveric Study

10.3823/2547 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
Variable Distance ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

Background: The veins of the head and neck have a complex developmental pattern which predisposes them to variations in formation and drainage. Superficial veins of the head and neck are utilized for central venous cannulation, oral reconstruction and parenteral nutrition in debilitated patients. Clinical and sonological examinations of these veins may provide clues toward underlying cardiac pathology. Aims: The aim of the present study was to describe anatomical variation and determined the position of the facial vein in relation to neighboring structures. Methods and Findings: Head and neck region were carefully dissected as per standard dissection procedure, studied serially during the years 2013-2017 in 16 males and 2 females, i.e. 36 sides, embalmed adults cadavers with different age group, in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. In 34 sides (94.5 %) of the cases the facial vein (FV) terminated into the internal jugular vein via the common facial vein (CFV) as per standard anatomic description. The facial vein on two sides (5.5 %) was found to drain into the external jugular vein with different degree of angulations and variable distance from the angle of the mandible. On the right side, the facial vein was draining into external jugular vein (EJV), 63.6 mm below the angle of the mandible. On the left side, the facial vein was draining into EJV, 42.4 mm below the angle of the mandible. The length of the neck was 137.8 mm.  The mean distance of the superior and inferior labial veins, deep facial vein, and angular vein from the inferior orbital margin was 41.89 ± 3.01, 52.31 ± 3.72, 26.85 ± 3.55 and 6.25 ± 0.65 mm, respectively. Conclusion: A sound knowledge on variation of the course and termination of facial vein is very useful for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, plastic surgeons, otorrhinologists and radiologists, is essentially important in the clinical examination and surgical procedures of the head and neck region.

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