scholarly journals Variety resistance of winter barley to powdery mildew in the field in 1976−2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Average Resistance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given ◽  
Resistance Of Varieties

The results of evaluation of powdery mildew resistance in winter barley varieties in 285 Czech Official Trials conducted at 20 locations were analysed. Over the period, the number of varieties tested per year increased from four to seven in 1976−1985 to 53−61 in 2002−2005. To assess the resistance of varieties, only trials with sufficient disease severity were used. In 1976−2000, six varieties (1.7% of the varieties tested in the given years) ranked among resistant (average resistance of a variety in a year > 7.5) including NR-468 possessing the gene <i>Mla13</i>, KM-2099 with <i>mlo</i> and Marinka with the genes <i>Mla7</i>, <i>MlaMu2</i>. In 2001−2005, already 33 varieties (16.9%) ranked among resistant, of which Traminer possessing the genes <i>Ml(St)</i> and <i>Ml(IM9 </i> dominated. The proportion of susceptible varieties (average resistance ≤ 5.5) did not change in the two mentioned periods. Two-rowed varieties began to be tested as late as in 1990 (the first variety was Danilo), however, no difference was found in the resistance of two- and six-rowed varieties. Using an example of two pairs of varieties (Dura-Miraj and Marinka-Tiffany) with identical genes for specific resistance but with different resistance in the field, the efficiency of non-specific resistance is discussed. The resistance of domestic and foreign varieties was similar in 1994−2000; however, in 2001−2005 the difference was 0.75 point to disadvantage of domestic ones.

scholarly journals Virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes of winter barley cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Random Samples

The virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes possessed by winter barley cultivars registered and newly tested in the Czech Republic were studied in 2000, 2002 and 2004. Random samples of the populations originating from winter and spring barley fields were obtained from the air by a mobile version of a jet spore sampler mounted on a car roof. Conidia were sampled by driving across the Czech Republic. Fourteen differentials, carrying 18 out of 20 currently identified resistance genes present in winter barley cultivars, were used. High virulence frequencies (85&ndash;100%) to most resistance genes were found. Lower virulence frequencies (14.1&ndash;40.1%) were found to only three resistance genes that have not been described yet; their preliminary designations are Ml(Va), Ml(Dt) and Ml(Ca). The importance of resistance of winter barley cultivars is discussed with respect to limiting the speed with which the pathogen adapts to genetic resistances possessed by commercial cultivars of both winter and spring barley, and to the necessity of lowering the costs for powdery mildew control in barley.

scholarly journals Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Single-Plant Progenies Derived from Accessions of a Winter Barley Core Collection

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1988
Author(s):  
Antonín Dreiseitl ◽  
Zdeněk Nesvadba
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Reliable Source

The main problems of crop gene banks comprise heterogeneity of accessions, resulting from mechanical admixtures or out-crossing during their multiplication, and especially the mislabeling of accessions. These discrepancies can adversely affect the results of many expensive research and breeding projects that are based on the use of gene bank resources. To tackle these problems, 860 single-plant progenies (SPPs) of 172 accessions of the Czech winter barley core collection were grown and tested with a set of 53 isolates representing the global virulence/avirulence diversity of powdery mildew. Seventy-one resistance phenotypes encompassed the diversity of known specific resistances and their combinations. Based on testing groups of five SPPs, 94 accessions had one phenotype found in all five SPPs (homogeneous accessions), whereas in 78 accessions (45.3%) more than one phenotype was identified (heterogeneous accessions). In three varieties, specific resistances against the whole set of isolates were detected, but due to high adaptability of the pathogen, they are not recommended for breeding resistant cultivars. Selected SPPs were integrated in the gene bank and are now a reliable source of genotypically pure seed with defined powdery mildew resistance genes that can be used by breeders and researchers. The results obtained can be used to verify authenticity of accession genotype and pedigree, particularly for older varieties for which no other original criteria are available.

scholarly journals Powdery Mildew Resistance of Winter Barley Varieties in Czech Official Trials

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Mildew Resistance

In 1996&ndash;2005, resistance to powdery mildew was studied in 167 winter barley varieties (of them 83&nbsp;two-rowed and 84 six-rowed, 45 Czech and 122 foreign ones) included in the Czech Official Trials in that period. Seventeen known resistances to powdery mildew were identified (Ar, Bw, Di, Dr, Dt, Ha, HH, Ch, IM9, La, Lu, Ly, Ra, Ru, Sp, St and We). Unknown resistances were found in 25 varieties, in six of which (= 3.6% of all the examined set) they were effective to all used pathotypes of the pathogen. Six varieties exhibited heterogeneity in the examined trait, i.e. they are composed of lines with different resistances to powdery mildew. The most frequent resistances in the set were Ra, which was detected in 89 varieties (= 53%), and Bw was found in 30 varieties (18%). The resistances Sp, Ly, Ha, HH and Ch were also frequent. However, the frequency of the last three resistances cannot be quantified since we were not able to identify these resistances during the whole examined period. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Powdery Mildew Resistance of Czech and Slovak Spring Barley Breeding Lines in Variety Trials

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Mla Locus ◽  
The Given

In 2001&ndash;2005, resistance to powdery mildew was studied in 227 Czech and Slovak breeding lines of spring barley included in the breeding station trials or official trials. Seventeen known resistances were identified (Al, Ar, At, HH, Kr, La, Ly, Mlo, N81, Ri, Ru, Sp, St, Tu, We, Mla21, and Mlp1). Unknown resistances were found in 11 breeding lines, in five of which resistance was effective against all used pathotypes of the pathogen. Besides the identified resistances, unknown resistances were detected in another three breeding lines. Sixty-five breeding lines (= 29%) exhibited heterogeneity in the examined trait, i.e. they are composed of components with different resistances to powdery mildew. Comparison of current results with the previous ones shows a considerable increase in the proportion of breeding lines carrying the resistance Mlo (72%), on the account of the resistances located at the Mla locus, particularly Ru. The examined set is characterised by a high proportion of breeding lines resistant to all used Czech pathotypes of the given pathogen (78%), however of low diversity in the resistance. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Eastern Ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.) Cultivars to Powdery Mildew

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Lubell ◽  
M.H. Brand ◽  
J.M. Lehrer
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Powdery Mildew Disease ◽  
Physocarpus Opulifolius ◽  
Morning Star

Abstract Powdery mildew disease severity was assessed on ten eastern ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.) cultivars. The green foliage cultivar ‘Nanus’ was resistant to powdery mildew. Among the deep purple foliage cultivars, ‘ Seward’ Summer Wine® exhibited better resistance than ‘Monlo’ Diablo® and was nearly as resistant as ‘Nanus’. ‘Seward’ Summer Wine® is a hybrid between ‘Nanus’ and ‘Monlo’ Diablo® and probably derives its mildew resistance from ‘Nanus’. ‘Monlo’ Diablo® had reasonably good mildew resistance. Yellow foliage cultivars ‘Dart's Gold’, ‘Morning Star’ and ‘Nugget’, which were highly susceptible to powdery mildew, were unattractive due to substantial leaf drop, leaf disfigurement and shoot brooming. ‘Luteus’ exhibited better powdery mildew resistance than the other yellow foliage cultivars. ‘Mindia’ Coppertina® and ‘Center Glow’, two recent purple foliage introductions with orange-copper new foliage, exhibited levels of mildew intermediate between purple and yellow foliage cultivars. These ‘Monlo’ Diablo® × ‘Dart's Gold’ hybrids probably owe their reduced mildew resistance to their ‘Dart's Gold’ lineage.

High diversity of powdery mildew resistance in the ICARDA wild barley collection

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
The Given ◽  
Pathogenic Diversity

Powdery mildew caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) is a global disease of barley, and the wild subspecies Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (Hvs) is the closest relative of cultivated barley (H. vulgare subsp. vulgare). The responses to the pathogen of 363 Hvs accessions maintained by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) gene bank were assessed. Thirty non-Israeli pathogen isolates representing the global pathogenic diversity were used for testing. Because of genetic heterogeneity within 146 accessions, the results from only 217 accessions are presented and discussed. Additional tests on 152 accessions with homogeneous responses in earlier tests were made by using six Israeli pathogen isolates. There were 154 resistance phenotypes among the set, 141 of which involved single accessions. The six most frequent phenotypes were recorded for 62 accessions, with the most frequent phenotype in 26 accessions that were resistant to all 30 non-Israeli Bgh isolates. The second most frequent phenotype, found in 16 accessions, was susceptible to all 30 non-Israeli isolates. The occurrence of specific resistance was high. The occurrence of specific resistance was high and for breeding barley cultivars the effective resistances can be combined with the resistance gene mlo. In such combinations, the mlo gene prevents rapid increase in the pathogen population from overcoming the given specific resistance, whereas the resistance gene will simultaneously prevent erosion of mlo resistance. A more effective method for achieving durable resistance is accumulation minor resistance genes that are also widely distributed in wild barley.

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