scholarly journals Differentiation in the production potential and efficiency of farms in the member states of the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Anna Nowak ◽  
Monika Różańska-Boczula
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Member States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Average Potential ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network

This paper contains an evaluation of the differentiation of the production potential and efficiency of farms in the member states of the European Union in 2013–2016. To this end, a taxonomic method – Hellwig’s development measure – was used. The study was based on data from the European Union Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The study results indicate that member states such as the Netherlands, Denmark, Luxembourg, Belgium, the United Kingdom and Slovakia were characterised by the best agricultural production potential. The first four member states also showed the highest efficiency with regard to the utilisation of production factors. On the other hand, low and average potential and efficiency were characteristic of farms in most of the new member states.

scholarly journals The Competitiveness of Agriculture in EU Member States According to the Competitiveness Pyramid Model

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Anna Nowak ◽  
Monika Różańska-Boczula
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
Pyramid Model

Agriculture in the European Union is highly differentiated, and one of the objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy is to improve agricultural competitiveness. Therefore, surveys regarding the competitiveness of agriculture and grouping countries of the European Union (EU) according to similar characteristics of agriculture are very valuable. They help make strategic decisions concerning the agricultural sector. This paper aims to evaluate the agricultural competitiveness of EU member states in 2010–2019. Data used is derived from the Eurostat and FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network). The study employed a competitiveness pyramid model based on two groups of factors–competitiveness sources (bottom of the pyramid) and competitiveness effects. Partial components allocated to the groups mentioned above of factors were used to calculate a synthetic measure to determine the level of agricultural competitiveness in respective countries. The studies revealed that EU agriculture varies both in terms of resources and relationships between production factors, as well as the efficiency of their utilization. A clear difference in the level of competitiveness occurred between old and new member states, although some new countries ranked relatively high in terms of competitiveness sources (Czechia and Poland). Belgium scored highest for the synthetic measure of agricultural competitiveness in 2010–2019, and Cyprus had the lowest. It was demonstrated that human resources were of utmost importance in the structure of competitiveness sources. In turn, the average holding area determined the management conditions to the highest extent.

Mutual Trust between the Member States of the European Union and the United Kingdom after Brexit:

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Malachta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

The paper follows up on the arguments introduced in the author’s article Mutual Trust as a Way to an Unconditional Automatic Recognition of Foreign Judgments. This paper, titled Mutual Trust between the Member States of the European Union and the United Kingdom after Brexit: Overview discusses, whether there has been a loss of mutual trust between the European Union and the United Kingdom after Brexit. The UK, similarly to EU Member States, has been entrusted with the area of recognition and enforcement of judgements thus far. Should the Member States decrease the level of mutual trust in relation to the UK only because the UK ceased to be part of the EU after 47 years? Practically overnight, more precisely, the day after the transitional period, should the Member States trust the UK less in the light of legislative changes? The article also outlines general possibilities that the UK has regarding which international convention it may accede to. Instead of going into depth, the article presents a basic overview. However, this does not prevent the article to answer, in addition to the questions asked above, how a choice of access to an international convention could affect the level of mutual trust between the UK and EU Member States.

Non-EU Legal Instruments (EFSF, ESM, AND Fiscal Compact)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Martucci
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
Member States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fiscal Compact ◽  
Angela Merkel

‘Another Legal Monster?’ That was the question asked by the Law Department of the European University Institute on 16 February 2012 in a debate about the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union (TSCG), also known as the Fiscal Compact Treaty. On 2 March 2012, twenty-five Member States of the European Union minus the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic signed the TSCG. A month before, on 2 February 2012, the euro area Member States signed the Treaty Establishing the European Stability Mechanism (ESM Treaty), another legal monster. In both cases, the monstrosity lies in the fact that Member States have preferred to conclude an international treaty, rather than to use the European Union (EU) institutional system. Why did the European Commission not propose a legislative act to establish a financial assistance mechanism in the Eurozone and strengthen the fiscal discipline in the EU? Does this mean the end of community method and a victory for the intergovernmental method? As Herman Van Rompuy commented about the crisis; ‘often the choice is not between the community method and the intergovernmental method, but between a co-ordinated European position and nothing at all’. In 2010, Angela Merkel defended her vision of a new ‘Union Method’ in a speech held at the College of Europe. This approach can be defined by the following description: ‘co-ordinated action in a spirit of solidarity–each of us in the area for which we are responsible but all working towards the same goal’. Each of us means the European institutions and Member States. The new ‘Euro-international’ treaties (or inter se treaties) raise a number of questions regarding their compatibility with EU law, implications for the Union legal system, institutional balance, national sovereignty and democratic accountability. These questions are all the more important because international treaties raise a number of questions on their compatibility with EU law, implications for the Union legal system and institutional balance.

scholarly journals Agricultural performance in the V4 countries and its position in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
Szabo Luboslav ◽  
Grznar Miroslav ◽  
Zelina Michal
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Agricultural Performance ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
The Eu

The paper is devoted to an analysis of the development of agrarian farms in Visegrad Group (V4) countries, primarily in terms of results and the most important production inputs of production factors and their efficiency in the period from 2004 to 2013 based on the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The results of the analysis show that if farms in the V4 countries want to achieve the same performance as developed countries, they must invest more in purchasing intensification factors and adjust the structure of assets production specification. It will be necessary to stop the reduction in the numbers of livestock and to strive for growth in gross farm income, mainly through the processing of agricultural raw materials.

scholarly journals Brexit and Acquired Rights

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Waibel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Law ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Article 50

On March 29, 2017, the U.K. Government triggered Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) on withdrawal from the European Union following a referendum on June 23, 2016 in which 51.89 percent voted for the United Kingdom to leave the European Union. As a hybrid provision, the much-discussed withdrawal provision in Article 50 TEU is part of EU law yet also anchored in public international law. Although the European Union is a unique, supranational organization that creates rights for individuals that are directly effective in national law, its member states created the European Union based on traditional treaties under international law.

A historical overview of the general implementation of the European Union Market Abuse Directive in the United Kingdom before Brexit and its future implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-244
Author(s):  
Howard Chitimira
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Insider Trading ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Market Abuse ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Insider Dealing ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Market Abuse Directive

The European Union (EU) was arguably the first body to establish multinational anti-market abuse laws aimed at enhancing the detection and curbing of cross-border market abuse activities in its Member States. Put differently, the EU Insider Dealing Directive was adopted in 1989 and was the first law that harmonized the insider trading ban among the EU Member States. Thereafter, the European Union Directive on Insider Dealing and Market Manipulation (EU Market Abuse Directive) was adopted in a bid to improve and effectively discourage all forms of market abuse in the EU’s securities and financial markets. However, the EU Market Abuse Directive had its own gaps and flaws. In light of this, the Market Abuse Regulation and the Criminal Sanctions for Market Abuse Directive were enacted to repeal and replace the EU Market Abuse Directive in 2016. The article examines the adequacy of the EU Market Abuse Directive and its implementation in the United Kingdom (UK) prior to the UK’s vote to leave the European Union (Brexit). This is done to investigate the possible implications of the Brexit referendum outcome of 23 June 2016 on the future regulation of market abuse in the UK.

scholarly journals Conditions for Initiating the Procedure of Poland’s Withdrawal from the European Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Cezary Trosiak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
The One ◽  
Polish Government

Polexit is a concept that emerged in the political science discourse when the United Kingdom held a referendum on its continued membership of the European Union on June 26, 2016. The article analyzes the reasons which facilitate a discussion on the withdrawal of Poland from the European Union. On the one hand, this results from disputes on the direction of the evolution of the European project between ‘old’ and ‘new’ member states. On the other, its intensity is affected by the dynamics of the dispute between the Polish government and the European Commission on the state of the rule of law in Poland. For supporters of a change in relations between European institutions and member states, the European parliamentary elections offered an opportunity of starting a discussion on the change of treaties. However, due to the fact that proponents of treaty changes failed to win the appropriate number of seats, the vision of an EU of ‘two speeds’ is becoming realistic. This may mark the beginning of a sequence of events concluded with a referendum on the withdrawal of Poland from the European Union.

scholarly journals TFP determinants in European Union member states in 2000-2014 in the light of panel study results

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Izabela Młynarzewska-Borowiec
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
New Eu Members ◽  
European Union Member States

The aim of the article is to examine, whether and to what extent disparities in TFP levels in the group of 27 member states of the European Union in the period 2000–2014 are the result of difference in factors determining them. In the light of the conducted panel data analysis, the countries of the EU-15 group with higher levels of TFP differ from the „new” EU countries in terms of determinants of TFP. In the first group of countries the key role in shaping TFP play human capital resources, in the second group – the degree of involvement in international exchange. Human skills and qualifications are found to be completely irrelevant determinants of TFP levels in the „new” EU members states.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL CHANGES AND REGIONAL MODELS OF AGRICULTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
J. Doitchinova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Models ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
New Models

More than 10 years of Bulgarian membership in the European Union has resulted in significant changes not only in the product and organizational structures of the agrarian sector. These changes take place at different speed and form new models of agriculture by country. The purpose of the article is to analyze the regional changes in the product and organizational structures and to assess the characteristics of the emerging agricultural models in the northern and southern planning regions of Bulgaria. The thesis of the article is that, regardless of the unidirection of the changes, the agrarian identity of the regions affects their speed and their characteristics. The methdological approach is based on the assessment of the changes in product and organizational structures and their impact on the development of the regions. Subject of the research is the agrarian sector in the planning regions in our country. Conclusions were made for the consequences of changes in the importance of agriculture for the regional economy, their environmental impacts, income from farming, jobs, changes in the population, etc. The characteristics of agricultural models are described and guidelines and possibilities for their adaptation and development of the regional agricultural production potential were developed.

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