scholarly journals Comparison of detection sensitivity of five microbial inhibition tests for the screening of aminoglycoside residues in fortified milk

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sýkorová Goffová ◽  
I. Kožárová ◽  
D. Máté ◽  
S. Marcinčák ◽  
Z. Gondová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Test Strain ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Fortified Milk ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Commission Regulation

The assessment of detection sensitivity of five microbial inhibition tests (MITs), STAR (screening test for antibiotic residues) with the test strain Bacillus subtilis BGA, Delvotest<sup>&reg; </sup>S&nbsp; P-NT, Total Antibiotics, Kalidos TB, and Kalidos MP with the test strain Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis to five aminoglycosides (AMGs), gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, and spectinomycin in fortified milk samples were studied. The sensitivity of MITs to AMGs was evaluated on the basis of experimental determination of detection limits (LODs) of MITs for AMGs. The LODs of these tests were compared with the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established for milk by the Commission Regulation (EU) No. 37/2010. LODs of STAR for AMGs in fortified milk samples were at the levels of MRL for neomycin (1.50 &micro;g/g), gentamicin (0.10&nbsp;&micro;g/g), streptomycin (0.20 &micro;g/g) and kanamycin (0.15 &micro;g/g). Spectinomycin (0.20 &micro;g/g) was not detected at the level of MRL. The LODs determined by Delvotest<sup>&reg; </sup>SP-NT, Total Antibiotics and Kalidos MP were comparable, but only gentamicin and neomycin were reliably detected at the levels of MRL. Kalidos TB was more sensitive to AMGs than Delvotest<sup>&reg; </sup>SP-NT, Total Antibiotics and Kalidos MP. Gentamicin, neomycin and streptomycin were detected at the levels of MRL. &nbsp;

Determination of Antibiotics in Meat Using Bacillus stearothermophilus Spores

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BIELECKA ◽  
J. D. BALDOCK ◽  
A. W. KOTULA
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Assay Medium ◽  
Organism Growth ◽  
Ph Variations

Ten parameters affecting sensitivity, accuracy and simplicity of the diffusion plate method for determining antibiotic residues in meat were evaluated with spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus as the test organism. Eight antibiotics were studied and included penicillin, bacitracin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin and neomycin. Sensitivity of the method was most influenced by concentration of inoculum, quantity of assay medium on the plate and sample size. The optimal concentration of inoculum was established as 2 × 105 spores/ml of medium, quantity of the assay medium on plate/100 mm dia., as 6 ml and quantity of sample poured on disc/12.7 mm dia., as 100 μl. The pH of the assay medium was also important to both antibiotic potency and test organism growth. The activity of streptomycin and erythromycin was the most sensitive to pH variations.

scholarly journals Determination of patulin in apple juice by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012075
Author(s):  
T Radicevic ◽  
S Jankovic ◽  
S Simunovic ◽  
S Stefanovic ◽  
Z Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Juice ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Apple Products ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Abstract Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by several fungi, (Penicillium, Aspergillus, Byssochlamys). The main sources of patulin intake in human diet are apples, apple juice and apple nectar, and for this reason, apple based foods are monitored for the presence of this mycotoxin. Commission Regulation EC No 1881/2006 lays down maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 50 µg/kg in apple juice and cider, 25 µg/kg in solid apple products, and 10 µg/kg in products for infants and young children. In Serbia, maximum permitted amounts of patulin in fruit juices, reconstituted concentrated fruit juices and fruit nectars, as well as in solid apple products, including apple compote and apple puree, intended for direct human consumption are prescribed in the Regulation on maximum concentrations of certain contaminants in foodstuffs. This paper presents the LC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of patulin in apple juice. Criteria for method validation were taken from Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Linearity was confirmed in the concentration ranges of 0-100 µg/kg, with the limit of detection (LoD) of 9.85 µg/kg. The performance of the method was successfully verified by participating in a proficiency study.

Detection of Penicillin G and its Benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) - Derivatives in Cow Milk and Serum by means of an ELISA

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER ROHNER ◽  
MELCHIOR SCHÄLLIBAUM ◽  
JACQUES NICOLET
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Biological Assay ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Long Time

Pharmacokinetic characteristics of benzylpenicillin and its benzylpenicilloyl (BPO)-derivatives were studied in serum and milk of health cows, using a classical biological assay (Sarcina lutea test) and a competitive ELISA for BPO detection. The plasma level and passage into milk was determined after intramuscular administration of penethamate-hydroiodide and benzylpenicillin-procaine. In serum of cows receiving penethamate hydroiodide, BPO seemed to persist for a rather long time; the reason for this observation was not clarified. The effect of local (intramammary) application of penicillin G was followed with milk from cows having healthy and mastitic quarters. In all cases, it was found that BPO was not excreted any longer than active penicillin G in milk. In a further survey, 1015 bulk milk samples from two large dairy regions were examined with the ELISA and a biological assay using Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis. None of the samples showed detectable BPO or antibiotic residues. It is concluded that milk containing inactive penicillin derivatives, like BPO, is not an important source to cause allergies.

Detection of Antibiotic Residues in Consumer Milk Supplies in North America using the Charm Test II Procedure

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 632-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. COLLINS-THOMPSON ◽  
D. S. WOOD ◽  
I. Q. THOMSON
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
Disc Assay

Two hundred and fourteen consumer milk samples from across North America were examined for antibiotics residues by means of the Bacillus stearothermophilus disc assay (Charm test) and the competitive isotopic (Charm Test II) procedure. Of the 174 samples taken from 16 states, 150 results were positive for one or more antibiotics. The greatest number of positives were sulphamethazine, 82, and tetracyline, 48. Candian samples, 40, also showed the same problem related to tetracycline, 12, and sulphamethazine residues, 12. The Bacillus stearothermophilus disc assay procedure was unable in most cases to detect these residues possibly due to the lower sensitivity of this test. Further comparative tests between Charm Test II and other methods of similar sensitivity are recommended to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Detection of antibacterial residues in milk by HPLC-DAD and microbial inhibitor tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Sofia Christoforidou ◽  
Eftychia Karageorgou ◽  
Maria Ioannidou ◽  
Evdoxios Psomas ◽  
Martha Maggira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Residue Levels

The objective of this study was to assess the detection sensitivity of four commercial microbial inhibition assays (MIAs) in comparison with the results by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) for residues of three tetracyclines, trimethoprim and sulfadiazine in fortified raw milk samples. MIAs showed fairly good results at detecting sulfadiazine residues, whereas concerning tetracyclines and trimethoprim residues, most of the kits showed insufficient results. HPLC analysis revealed high recoveries of examined compounds with detection limits below their respective maximum residue levels (MRLs). The HPLC method was validated determining linearity, accuracy, precision, detection capability and decision limit. Subsequently, both methods were used to monitor several cow and sheep milk samples for the presence of antibacterial agents. Results obtained showed that MIAs could be successfully used for the analysis of different milk types. However, milk spoilage which was observed in some cases could decrease the sensitivity of the kits, a fact that does not seem to influence the effectiveness of HPLC-DAD method.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Determination of Antibiotic Residues in Milk by Microbial Inhibitory Tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
D. Juščáková ◽  
I. Kožárová
Keyword(s):  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Raw Cow’S Milk

AbstractUndesirable substances enter the organism of animals mostly via feed, water or veterinary medicines and their residues pass subsequently into the products of animal origin. In dairy cows, sheep and goats these residues are eliminated particularly in milk. Milk intended for human consumption must comply with safety criteria also with respect to residues of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the presence or absence of antibiotic residues in the milk using the tests Milchtest and Premi®Test. While the Milchtest was developed for the determination of antibiotic residues in cow, sheep and goat milk, the Premi®Test is intended for the determination of antibiotic residues in meat juice, liver, kidneys, fish, eggs and in the urine of animals treated with antibiotics. As examined matrices, we used 45 samples of raw cow’s milk collected at 3 agricultural farms and 10 samples of milk offered to consumers at grocery stores. When using the Milchtest, 8 samples tested positive and 10 provided dubious results while testing with the Premi®Test showed that only 6 samples were positive for antibiotics. Comparison of the results confirmed a higher detection sensitivity of Milchtest reflected in higher numbers of positive samples and the detection of dubious results in samples of raw cow’s milk. However, it should be noted that even the Premi®Test, although not intended preferably for the determination of antibiotics in milk, can be used, if needed, for the preliminary screening of antibiotic residues in such a matrix.

scholarly journals Pesticide residues in cow’s milk

Mljekarstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Milivoje Ćosić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Large Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Quality of milk plays a key role in its wide consumption but also of its involvement in a large series of derived products, such as yogurt, cheese, butter, and ice cream. An effective LC-MS/MS method has been validated for the determination of 81 different pesticide residues in milk samples. The analyses comprised 44 milk samples collected during 2019. From all inspected pesticides, only metalaxyl (present in 11.36 % samples), bifenthrin and metolachlor (9.09 %), dimethoate (4.55 %), prochloraz and thiacloprid were detected in 2.27 % of analysed samples. The detections of trifloxystrobin and bifenthrin were above the maximum residue levels (MRLs). The Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1135 standardizes the MRLs for dimethoate and omethoate in certain products, but a MRL for dimethoate residues in milk has not been established jet. All the other pesticide detections were below the MRLs.

scholarly journals HPLC-DAD multi-residue method for determination of florfenicol, penicillin and tetracycline residues in raw cow milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Ali Jaber ◽  
Zeinab Zahreddine ◽  
Simon Abou Haidar ◽  
Chadi Hosri ◽  
Ghassan Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
Tetracycline Residues

The existence of antibiotic residues in edible products constitutes a health problem to the consumers. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) was optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of florfenicol (FF), penicillin (PE), and tetracycline (TC) residues in dairy raw milk samples. The determination of these antibiotics was carried out on HP-ODS Hypersil C18 (5μm, 125*4 mm) column at a flow rate (1mL/min) and temperature (35 ⁰C). The extraction method includes deproteinization of the milk sample followed by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up. The method was validated according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and the International Conference of Harmonization Guidelines. The recoveries for the studied antibiotics ranged from 82–111.54 % making the method suitable for performing routine analysis. The proposed method was applied for the analysis of antibiotic residues in 50 dairy raw milk samples collected from many regions in Lebanon. The results showed the occurrence of these antibiotics residues in milk collected from different Lebanese regions. The numbers indicate that 22 % of milk samples were found to be positive for FF, 42 % for PE, and 28 % for TC residues.

Antibiotic Residues in Milk Following Antimicrobial Therapy During Lactation

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. OLIVER ◽  
J. L. MAKI ◽  
H. H. DOWLEN
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Microbiological Assays ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

Milk was collected at 24 h intervals through 120 h after treatment from lactating dairy cows treated with antibiotics. Antibiotic residues were determined qualitatively by microbiological assays utilizing Bacillus stearothermophilus. Intrauterine infusion of antibiotics resulted in the lowest percentage of milk samples positive for residues. A high percentage of samples was positive for residues 24 and 48 h after intramuscular injection of antibiotics; however, most samples were negative by 72 h after treatment. Intramammary therapy resulted in a high proportion of samples positive for residues at 24 and 48 h after treatment, and some samples were positive 96 to 120 h after treatment. Samples from treated quarters were often positive when corresponding composite milk samples were negative. Treatment with more than one antibiotic by multiple routes resulted in the highest percentage of samples positive for residues for the longest time. Any variation of antibiotic dosage, duration of treatment, or use of multiple antibiotics should alert dairy producers of the probability of antibiotics being excreted in milk beyond recommended withdrawal times.

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