Nocturnal Sleep Onset Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Periods as a Predictor of the Severity of Narcolepsy in Korea

OBJECTIVE: Our study goal was to examine polysomnography, indices of sleep and allergy, and serum and nasal cytokines in allergic and nonallergic subjects. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: In this descriptive, exploratory study, 4 allergic and 4 nonallergic subjects underwent 2 nights of polysomnographic recording with serial measurements of cytokines and completed measures of sleep quality and allergic symptoms. RESULTS: Three serum cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, and IL-10) were higher in allergic subjects and were termed proallergic. Three serum cytokines (IL-1ra, IL-2, and IL-12) were higher in nonallergic subjects and were termed allergy inhibitory. Proallergic serum cytokines correlated with increased latency to rapid eye movement sleep, decreased time in rapid eye movement sleep, and decreased latency to sleep onset. Low levels of allergy-inhibitory serum cytokines were associated with increased allergic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in serum cytokines between allergic and nonallergic individuals are associated with variations in polysomnography and allergic symptoms. SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding these mechanisms may suggest novel approaches to alleviating drowsiness and other symptoms in allergic patients.

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Spectral electroencephalography profile of rapid eye movement sleep at sleep onset in narcolepsy type 1

European Journal of Neurology ◽

10.1111/ene.13204 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 334-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F. Pizza ◽

R. Ferri ◽

S. Vandi ◽

F. Rundo ◽

M. Iloti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Rapid Eye Movement ◽

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

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Sleep in Huntington’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of polysomongraphic findings

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsz154 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ye Zhang ◽

Rong Ren ◽

Linghui Yang ◽

Junying Zhou ◽

Yun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Huntington's Disease ◽

Huntington’S Disease ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Repeat Length ◽

Cag Repeat ◽

Rapid Eye Movement ◽

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽

Wake Time

Abstract Study Objectives Disturbed overnight sleep is a prominent feature of advanced stage Huntington’s disease (HD). Several polysomnography (PSG) studies have reported significant changes of sleep in HD patients, but the findings are not unequivocal. To date, no meta-analysis has investigated the PSG changes in HD patients. The present study meta-analyzed results from studies examining the PSG changes in HD patients compared with controls. Methods A literature search performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, All EBM databases, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases identified seven studies involving 152 HD patients and 144 controls which were included in our meta-analysis. Results Pooled results indicated decreased sleep efficiency, percentage of slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep, and increased percentage of N1 sleep, wake time after sleep onset, and rapid eye movement sleep latency in HD patients compared with controls. We found high heterogeneity in the effect sizes and no indication of systematic publication biases across studies. Meta-regression analyses showed that some of the heterogeneity was explained by age, body mass index (BMI), CAG repeat length, and disease severity of HD patients. Conclusions Our study showed that polysomnographic abnormalities are present in HD. Our findings also underscore the need for a comprehensive PSG assessment of sleep changes in patients with HD. Furthermore, the effects of age, BMI and CAG repeat length on sleep changes should be carefully considered and closely monitored in the management of HD.

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Development of the nocturnal sleep electroencephalogram in human infants

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00503.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 286 (3) ◽

pp. R528-R538 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Oskar G. Jenni ◽

Alexander A. Borbély ◽

Peter Achermann

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Spectral Power ◽

Theta Activity ◽

Rapid Eye Movement ◽

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Nocturnal Sleep ◽

Human Infants ◽

Sleep Homeostasis ◽

Delta Activity

The development of nocturnal sleep and the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) was investigated in a longitudinal study during infancy. All-night polysomnographic recordings were obtained at home at 2 wk and at 2, 4, 6, and 9 mo after birth (analysis of 7 infants). Total sleep time and the percentage of quiet sleep or non-rapid eye movement sleep (QS/NREMS) increased with age, whereas the percentage of active sleep or rapid eye movement sleep (AS/REMS) decreased. Spectral power of the sleep EEG was higher in QS/NREMS than in AS/REMS over a large part of the 0.75- to 25-Hz frequency range. In both QS/NREMS and AS/REMS, EEG power increased with age in the frequency range <10 Hz and >17 Hz. The largest rise occurred between 2 and 6 mo. A salient feature of the QS/NREMS spectrum was the emergence of a peak in the sigma band (12-14 Hz) at 2 mo that corresponded to the appearance of sleep spindles. Between 2 and 9 mo, low-frequency delta activity (0.75-1.75 Hz) showed an alternating pattern with a high level occurring in every other QS/NREMS episode. At 6 mo, sigma activity showed a similar pattern. In contrast, theta activity (6.5-9 Hz) exhibited a monotonic decline over consecutive QS/NREMS episodes, a trend that at 9 mo could be closely approximated by an exponential function. The results suggest that 1) EEG markers of sleep homeostasis appear in the first postnatal months, and 2) sleep homeostasis goes through a period of maturation. Theta activity and not delta activity seems to reflect the dissipation of sleep propensity during infancy.

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Sleep in 21-Day Dry Immersion. Are Cardiovascular Adjustments Rapid Eye Movement Sleep-Dependent?

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.749773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Evgeny Yu. Bersenev ◽

Yulia V. Ukraintseva ◽

Gennadiy V. Kovrov ◽

Yusef D. Yakhya ◽

Galina Yu. Vassilieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular System ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Architecture ◽

Rapid Eye Movement ◽

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽

Dry Immersion

Introduction: A decrease in sleep quality and duration during space missions has repeatedly been reported. However, the exact causes that underlie this effect remain unclear. In space, sleep might be impacted by weightlessness and its influence on cardiovascular function. In this study, we aimed at exploring the changes of night sleep architecture during prolonged, 21-day Dry Immersion (DI) as one of the ground-based models for microgravity studies and comparing them with adaptive changes in the cardiovascular system.Methods: Ten healthy young men were exposed to DI for 21 days. The day before (baseline, B-1), on the 3rd (DI3), 10th (DI10), and 19th (DI19) day of DI, as well as in the recovery period, 1 day after the end of DI (R + 1), they were subjected to overnight polysomnography (PSG) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.Results: On DI3, when the most severe back pain occurred due to the effects of DI on the spine and back muscles, the PSG data showed dramatically disorganized sleep architecture. Sleep latency, the number of awakenings, and the duration of wake after sleep onset (WASO) were significantly increased compared with the B-1. Furthermore, the sleep efficiency, duration of rapid eye movement sleep (REM), and duration of non-rapid eye movement stage 2 decreased. On DI10, subjective pain ratings declined to 0 and sleep architecture returned to the baseline values. On DI19, the REM duration increased and continued to rise on R + 1. An increase in REM was accompanied by rising in a nighttime heart rate (HR), which also shows the most significant changes after the end of DI. On DI19 and R + 1, the REM duration showed opposite correlations with the BP parameters: on DI19 it was negatively associated with the systolic BP (SBP), and on R + 1 it was positively correlated with the diastolic BP (DBP).Conclusion: An increase in REM at the end of DI and in recovery might be associated with regulatory changes in the cardiovascular system, in particular, with the reorganization of the peripheral and central blood flow in response to environmental changes.

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Rapid eye movement sleep cycle, clock time and sleep onset

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/0013-4694(78)90002-0 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 178-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Richard J McPartland ◽

David J Kupfer

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Cycle ◽

Rapid Eye Movement ◽

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽

Clock Time

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Anesthesiology Resident Night Float Duty Alters Sleep Patterns

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/aln.0000000000002806 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 131 (2) ◽

pp. 401-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lauren K. Dunn ◽

Amanda M. Kleiman ◽

Katherine T. Forkin ◽

Allison J. Bechtel ◽

Stephen R. Collins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Total Sleep Time ◽

Night Shift ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Rapid Eye Movement ◽

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽

Consecutive Night ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Night Float

AbstractEditor’s PerspectiveWhat We Already Know about This TopicWhat This Article Tells Us That Is NewBackgroundResidency programs utilize night float systems to adhere to duty hour restrictions; however, the influence of night float on resident sleep has not been described. The study aim was to determine the influence of night float on resident sleep patterns and quality of sleep. We hypothesized that total sleep time decreases during night float, increases as residents acclimate to night shift work, and returns to baseline during recovery.MethodsThis was a single-center observational study of 30 anesthesia residents scheduled to complete six consecutive night float shifts. Electroencephalography sleep patterns were recorded during baseline (three nights), night float (six nights), and recovery (three nights) using the ZMachine Insight monitor (General Sleep Corporation, USA). Total sleep time; light, deep, and rapid eye movement sleep; sleep efficiency; latency to persistent sleep; and wake after sleep onset were observed.ResultsMean total sleep time ± SD was 5.9 ± 1.9 h (3.0 ± 1.2.1 h light; 1.4 ± 0.6 h deep; 1.6 ± 0.7 h rapid eye movement) at baseline. During night float, mean total sleep time was 4.5 ± 1.8 h (1.4-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.9, Cohen’s d = –1.1, P < 0.001) with decreases in light (2.2 ± 1.1 h, 0.7-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.1, d = –1.0, P < 0.001), deep (1.1 ± 0.7 h, 0.3-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.4, d = –0.5, P = 0.005), and rapid eye movement sleep (1.2 ± 0.6 h, 0.4-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.6, d = –0.9, P < 0.001). Mean total sleep time during recovery was 5.4 ± 2.2 h, which did not differ significantly from baseline; however, deep (1.0 ± 0.6 h, 0.4-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.6, d = –0.6, P = 0.001 *, P = 0.001) and rapid eye movement sleep (1.2 ± 0.8 h, 0.4-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.6, d = –0.9, P < 0.001 P < 0.001) were significantly decreased.ConclusionsElectroencephalography monitoring demonstrates that sleep quantity is decreased during six consecutive night float shifts. A 3-day period of recovery is insufficient for restorative sleep (rapid eye movement and deep sleep) levels to return to baseline.

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