Estimate of fractal dimension of rat tissues submitted to experimental protocols v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Cao PhD
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional Image ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Histological Images ◽  
Important Additional Information

Those who are dedicated to the analysis of structural changes in tissues have tried, over time, to seek increasingly "more rigorous" methods to be able to detach themselves from the merely observational and subjective. That is, leaving aside the semi-quantitative scores based on scores that are given to the lesion in a tissue according to its degree of severity. The argument is that the final injury score will depend more on the subjectivity and experience of the observer. With the advent of digital images and programs for their analysis, the application of numerical methods for estimating changes in tissues was greatly facilitated. With them we do not completely suppress the observational, but, to a large extent and if we are rigorous, we can significantly reduce its influence. Thus, in two-dimensional images, we can make direct measurements such as the diameter and length of a gland, its surface, etc., always in previously calibrated systems. We can also estimate the dimensions of structures that are part of a tissue and the spatial relationships between them based on a two-dimensional image. In this case we will use stereology, which uses simple mathematical formulas, but is very time consuming for analysis. Now, structuralists have realized that the normal components of a tissue or a cell maintain certain spatial relationships and proportionality to each other, which also defines their shapes and textures (complexity), constituting the characteristic histological images of a kidney, liver, uterus, etc. Both the pathology and the functional adaptations alter these normal relationships, which wanted to be estimated through the application of the fractal dimension. The justification is that, when faced with a certain insult or stimulus, the tissue or organ responds “in toto”, not one part yes and another no. The single measurement of diameters, surfaces, etc., while complementary, was always thought to be incomplete because we were missing those changes in the relationships between tissue components or from one cell to another, which provide important additional information.

Estimate of fractal dimension of rat tissues submitted to experimental protocols v2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel not provided Cao PhD ◽  
Graciela Ottaviano ◽  
Francisco Capani PhD
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional Image ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Histological Images ◽  
Important Additional Information

Those who are dedicated to the analysis of structural changes in tissues have tried, over time, to seek increasingly "more rigorous" methods to be able to detach themselves from the merely observational and subjective. That is, leaving aside the semi-quantitative scores based on scores that are given to the lesion in a tissue according to its degree of severity. The argument is that the final injury score will depend more on the subjectivity and experience of the observer. With the advent of digital images and programs for their analysis, the application of numerical methods for estimating changes in tissues was greatly facilitated. With them we do not completely suppress the observational, but, to a large extent and if we are rigorous, we can significantly reduce its influence. Thus, in two-dimensional images, we can make direct measurements such as the diameter and length of a gland, its surface, etc., always in previously calibrated systems. We can also estimate the dimensions of structures that are part of a tissue and the spatial relationships between them based on a two-dimensional image. In this case we will use stereology, which uses simple mathematical formulas, but is very time consuming for analysis. Now, structuralists have realized that the normal components of a tissue or a cell maintain certain spatial relationships and proportionality to each other, which also defines their shapes and textures (complexity), constituting the characteristic histological images of a kidney, liver, uterus, etc. Both the pathology and the functional adaptations alter these normal relationships, which wanted to be estimated through the application of the fractal dimension. The justification is that, when faced with a certain insult or stimulus, the tissue or organ responds “in toto”, not one part yes and another no. The single measurement of diameters, surfaces, etc., while complementary, was always thought to be incomplete because we were missing those changes in the relationships between tissue components or from one cell to another, which provide important additional information.

Cryo-electron microscopy of two-dimensional crystals of reduced type B botulinum neurotoxin

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
P. F. Flicker ◽  
V.S. Kulkarni ◽  
J. P. Robinson ◽  
G. Stubbs ◽  
B. R. DasGupta
Keyword(s):  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Type B ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Muscle Paralysis ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Disulfide Linkages ◽  
Intracellular Action

Botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. The toxin inhibits release of neurotransmitter, causing muscle paralysis. There are several serotypes, A to G, all of molecular weight about 150,000. The protein exists as a single chain or or as two chains, with two disulfide linkages. In a recent investigation on intracellular action of neurotoxins it was reported that type B neurotoxin can inhibit the release of Ca++-activated [3H] norepinephrine only if the disulfide bonds are reduced. In order to investigate possible structural changes in the toxin upon reduction of the disulfide bonds, we have prepared two-dimensional crystals of reduced type B neurotoxin. These two-dimensional crystals will be compared with those of the native (unreduced) type B toxin.

PERBANDINGAN METODE HOMOMORPHIC FILTERING DAN METODE CONTRAST STRECHING UNTUK PERBAIKAN KUALITAS CITRA UNDERWATER

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Mora Lubis ◽  
Nelly Astuti Hasibuan ◽  
Imam Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Image Process ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional Image ◽  
Underwater Image ◽  
Homomorphic Filtering ◽  
Contrast Stretching

Digital imagery is a two-dimensional image process through a digital computer that is used to manipulate and modify images in various ways. Photos are examples of two-dimensional images that can be processed easily. Each photo in the form of a digital image can be processed through a specific software. In the water environment, the light factor greatly influences the results of the quality of the image obtained. With the deepening of underwater shooting, the results obtained will be the darker the quality of the underwater image. . uneven lighting and bluish tones. One of the factors that influence the recognition results in pattern recognition is the quality of the image that is inputted. The image acquired from the source does not always have good quality. The process of repairing digital images that experience interference in lighting. The lighting repair process uses homomorphic filtering and uses contrast striching and will compare the quality of both methods and test to prove the results of image quality between homomorphic filtering and contrast streching. Until later the results of both methods can be seen which is better. homomorphic filtering and contrast stretching can produce image improvements with pretty good performance.Keywords: Digital Image, Underwater Image, Homomorphic Filtering, Contrast Streching, Matlab R2010a

IMPLEMENTASI METODE RETINEX UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS CITRA UNDERWATER

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bainun Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Water Environment ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Image Process ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional Image ◽  
Underwater Image ◽  
Object Search ◽  
Image Improvement ◽  
Underwater Object

Digital imagery is a two-dimensional image process through a digital computer that is used to manipulate and modify images in various ways. Photos are examples of two-dimensional images that can be processed easily. Each photo in the form of a digital image can be processed through certain software devices. In the water environment, light factors greatly influence the results of image quality obtained. With the deepening of underwater shooting, the results obtained will be the darker the quality of the underwater image. Underwater imagery is widely used as an object in various activities such as underwater habitat mapping, underwater environment monitoring, underwater object search. Uneven lighting and colors that tend to be bluish and runny. One of the factors that influence the recognition results in pattern recognition is the quality of the image that is inputted. The image acquired from the source does not always have good quality. The process of improvement in digital images that experience interference in lighting and exposure to sunlight. The lighting repair process uses the retinex method and will compare the quality of the two methods later. Until later the results of both methods can be seen which is better. Retinex method can produce image improvement with high performance.Keywords: Digital Cintra, Underwater, Matlab Retinex Method

Fractal analysis in biology and medicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Important Additional Information ◽  
And Function

The review article discusses the possibilities of using fractal mathematical analysis to solve scientific and applied problems of modern biology and medicine. The authors show that only such an approach, related to the section of nonlinear mechanics, allows quantifying the chaotic component of the structure and function of living systems, that is a priori important additional information and expands, in particular, the possibilities of diagnostics, differential diagnosis and prediction of the course of physiological and pathological processes. A number of examples demonstrate the specific advantages of using fractal analysis for these purposes. The conclusion can be made that the expanded use of fractal analysis methods in the research work of medical and biological specialists is promising.

scholarly journals A Self-Established “Machining-Measurement-Evaluation” Integrated Platform for Taper Cutting Experiments and Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Xudong Yang ◽  
Zexiao Li ◽  
Linlin Zhu ◽  
Yuchu Dong ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Precision Machining ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Image ◽  
Two Dimensional Image ◽  
Integrated Platform ◽  
Hard And Brittle Materials ◽  
Ultra Precision ◽  
Cutting Experiments

Taper-cutting experiments are important means of exploring the nano-cutting mechanisms of hard and brittle materials. Under current cutting conditions, the brittle-ductile transition depth (BDTD) of a material can be obtained through a taper-cutting experiment. However, taper-cutting experiments mostly rely on ultra-precision machining tools, which have a low efficiency and high cost, and it is thus difficult to realize in situ measurements. For taper-cut surfaces, three-dimensional microscopy and two-dimensional image calculation methods are generally used to obtain the BDTDs of materials, which have a great degree of subjectivity, leading to low accuracy. In this paper, an integrated system-processing platform is designed and established in order to realize the processing, measurement, and evaluation of taper-cutting experiments on hard and brittle materials. A spectral confocal sensor is introduced to assist in the assembly and adjustment of the workpiece. This system can directly perform taper-cutting experiments rather than using ultra-precision machining tools, and a small white light interference sensor is integrated for in situ measurement of the three-dimensional topography of the cutting surface. A method for the calculation of BDTD is proposed in order to accurately obtain the BDTDs of materials based on three-dimensional data that are supplemented by two-dimensional images. The results show that the cutting effects of the integrated platform on taper cutting have a strong agreement with the effects of ultra-precision machining tools, thus proving the stability and reliability of the integrated platform. The two-dimensional image measurement results show that the proposed measurement method is accurate and feasible. Finally, microstructure arrays were fabricated on the integrated platform as a typical case of a high-precision application.

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