Taste Simulation using Electrical Impulse in AR

Interatrial blocks like other types of block may be of first degree or partial second degree, also named transient atrial block or atrial aberrancy, and third degree or advanced. In first degree, partial interatrial block (P-IAB), the electrical impulse is conducted to the left atrium, through the Bachmann’s region, but with delay. The ECG shows a P-wave ≥ 120 ms. In third-degree, advanced interatrial block (A-IAB), the electrical impulse is blocked in the upper part of the interatrial septum (Bachmann region); the breakthrough to LA has to be performed retrogradely from the AV junction zone. This explains the p ± in leads II, III and aVF. In typical cases of A-IAB, the P-wave morphology is biphasic (±) in leads II, III and aVF, because the left atrium is activated retrogradely and, therefore, the last part of the atrial activation falls in the negative hemifield of leads II, III and aVF. Recently, some atypical cases of A-IAB have been described. The presence of A-IAB is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation, stroke, dementia, and premature death.

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Extrasystoles

10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0110 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Moutaz El-Kadri ◽

George Hart

Keyword(s):

Sinus Node ◽

Heart Rhythm ◽

Normal Heart ◽

Atrioventricular Junction ◽

Premature Ventricular Complexes ◽

Electrical Impulse ◽

Ventricular Extrasystoles

An extrasystole is a cardiac electrical impulse (often premature) which is not part of the normal heart rhythm. Extrasystoles most frequently arise from the ventricles and are then called ventricular extrasystoles, or premature ventricular complexes. Less often, they originate from the atria, the atrioventricular junction or, rarely, from the sinus node—these are termed supraventricular extrasystoles. The term ‘bigeminy’ refers to an extrasystole every second beat, and ‘trigeminy’, every third beat. Two successive extrasystoles are called a ‘couplet’; three are called a ‘triplet’. Extrasystoles with varying morphology are described as ‘polymorphic’ or ‘multifocal’, whereas those maintaining the same morphology are termed ‘unifocal’.

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Some theoretical and clinical aspects of electrical impulse therapy for cardiac arrhythmias

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj62186 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 414-416

Author(s):

I. P. Arleevsky

Keyword(s):

Sinus Rhythm ◽

High Voltage ◽

Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽

Heart Muscle ◽

Transmembrane Potential ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Electrical Impulse ◽

Cytoplasmic Membranes ◽

Intracellular Concentrations ◽

High Voltage Discharge

Based on modern ideas about the nature of cardiac arrhythmias, about the role in their development of changes in the transmembrane potential caused by shifts in the permeability of cytoplasmic membranes and extra- and intracellular concentrations of the main potential-forming ions, it can be assumed that a high-voltage discharge of a capacitor restores sinus rhythm by affecting the indicated parameters heart muscle.

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