Some aspects of modernization of pneumatic flotation machines of a column type

Ultrahigh-vacuum transmission electron microscopy (UHVTEM) has become increasingly popular for the direct observation of nanostructures having clean surfaces, since industrial requirements to make and research nano-scale materials have been rapidly growing for quantum or nanoscale electronic devices. Since we have first developed high resolution UHVTEM in 1986, the UHVTEMs have been evolved with steady advances such as UHV compatible goniometer, field emission gun or etc. Furthermore, the UHVTEM started to combine analytical capabilities such as energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, in-column type energy filter and etc., and to combine STM (scanning tunneling microscope). The UHV technology is essential for the analysis, because the portion of contaminant in a nano-scale specimen increases as the size of the specimen goes down. This paper reports the results of gold nanostructures by recently the developed UHVTEM.Figure 1 shows recently developed UHVTEM with Schottky type field emission gun.

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In Vitro Assessment of Dissolution Kinetics: Description and Evaluation of a Column-type Method

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1002/jps.2600581025 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. 1265-1272 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

F. Langenbucher

Keyword(s):

Dissolution Kinetics ◽

Type Method ◽

Column Type ◽

In Vitro Assessment

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Three-Dimensional Analysis on the Performance of the Thermoelectric Micro-Cooler

Heat Transfer: Volume 3 ◽

10.1115/ht2005-72506 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Kong Hoon Lee ◽

Ook Joong Kim

Keyword(s):

Temperature Difference ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Coefficient Of Performance ◽

Thermoelectric Cooler ◽

Small Temperature ◽

Small Current ◽

Thermoelectric Element ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Column Type ◽

P Type

Three-dimensional numerical analysis has been carried out using the FEMLAB software package to figure out the performance of the thermoelectric micro-cooler. A small-size and column-type thermoelectric cooler is considered and Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 are selected as the n- and p-type thermoelectric materials, respectively. The thickness of the thermoelectric element considered is 5 to 20 μm and the thickness affects the performance of the cooler. The effect of parameters such as the temperature difference, the current, and the thickness of the thermoelectric element on the performance of the cooler has also been investigated. The coefficient of performance (COP) is the primary factor to evaluate the performance of the cooler and the COP varies with the parameters. The COP has the maximum value at a certain current and the value decreases with the temperature difference or the thickness. The predicted results also show that the performance can be improved for thick thermoelectric element at the small temperature difference and small current.

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Identification of bacteria coexisting with anammox bacteria in an upflow column type reactor

Biodegradation ◽

10.1007/s10532-008-9205-3 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 117-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Sen Qiao ◽

Yuki Kawakubo ◽

Yingjun Cheng ◽

Takashi Nishiyama ◽

Takao Fujii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anammox Bacteria ◽

Type Reactor ◽

Column Type ◽

Identification Of Bacteria

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Centrifuge tests on column type mixing improved ground with surface improvement

Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Two Volume Set ◽

10.1201/b10554-227 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 1363-1368 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Centrifuge Tests ◽

Column Type ◽

Surface Improvement

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Design of Auto-tuning Relay Feedback controller for Shell Heavy Oil Fractionator

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201821802007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 218 ◽

pp. 02007

Author(s):

Wahyudi ◽

Sela Martasia ◽

Budi Setiyono ◽

Iwan Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Oil ◽

System Modeling ◽

Control Technique ◽

System Response ◽

Relay Feedback ◽

End Point ◽

Column Type ◽

Point Composition ◽

Auto Tuning ◽

The Difference

Auto-tuning relay feedback is one of the control techniques, which is used to solve the non-linear, long delay time, and disturbance's problems. This control technique is the development of Ziegler-Nichols that can be done automatically without doing system modeling. In this paper, auto-tuning relay feedback is used in the control system response to optimization of Shell Heavy Oil Fractionator (SHOF) system so the output of product composition as expected. SHOF is a distillation column type used to separate crude oil into desired products based on the difference in the boiling point of each product. PI regulators of relay feedback are used to control the valves on the SHOF with three inputs and three outputs that has been decoupled. Based on the tests, the average values of IAE at top end point composition (Y1) obtained with disturbance and no disturbance are 83.17 and 10.933, respectively. At the side end point composition (Y2), the average values of IAE with disturbance and no disturbance are obtained respectively, 336.38 and 42.3467. The average values of IAE at bottom reflux temperature (Y3) with disturbance and no disturbance are obtained 0.15 and 0.13, respectively.

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