Study on Temperature Feedback Effect of Supercritical CO2–Cooled Reactor

As a potential new-type reactor, the supercritical CO2 (S-CO2)–cooled reactor has several advantages, such as being a simple system, having high thermal efficiency, having a small size, and being lightweight. Due to the poor neutronics moderation performance, the S-CO2–cooled reactor shows the disadvantage of a weak temperature feedback effect on reactivity. In this article, the neutronics performance of the reactor has been focused on, and the effects of temperature feedback on fuel, coolant, and moderator studied and the method to improve temperature feedback of the S-CO2 reactor proposed.

Hydrogen Production in Methane Decomposition Reactor Using Solar Thermal Energy

This study investigates the decomposition of methane using solar thermal energy as a heat source. Instead of the direct thermal decomposition of the methane at a temperature of 1200 °C or higher, a catalyst coated with carbon black on a metal foam was used to lower the temperature and activation energy required for the reaction, and to increase the yield. To supply solar heat during the reaction, a reactor suitable for a solar concentrating system was developed. In this process, a direct heating type reactor with quartz was initially applied, and a number of problems were identified. An indirect heating type reactor with an insulated cavity and a rotating part was subsequently developed, followed by a thermal barrier coating application. Methane decomposition experiments were conducted in a 40 kW solar furnace at the Korea Institute of Energy Research. Conversion rates of 96.7% and 82.6% were achieved when the methane flow rate was 20 L/min and 40 L/min, respectively.

THE USE OF ULTRASOUND IN THE PREPARATION OF THE CATALYST Ru/HPS MN 100 AND ITS ACTIVITY IN THE PROCESS OF HYDROGENATION OF XYLOSE AND LACTOSE

В работе рассмотрена возможность использование ультразвука при получении рутений содержащей каталитической системы Ru/СПС MN 100. Проведено кинетическое тестирование данного катализатора и сравнение его активности с таким же катализатором, но синтезированным без использования ультразвука, в процессе гидрирования ксилозы и лактозы до соответствующих полиолов - ксилита и лактита. Процесс гидрирования осуществлялся в реакторе периодического и непрерывного действия при оптимальных условиях (температуре, концентрации моно- и дисахарида, парциальном давлении водорода, скорости подачи водного раствора ксилозы и лактозы и скорости подачи водорода). Установлено, что ультразвуковая обработка рутениевого катализатора способствует повышению его активности, что отражается на увеличении конверсии моно- и дисахарида при проведении процесса в периодических условиях, при этом практически не происходит изменения конверсии субстратов при их гидрировании в реакторе проточного типа. The paper considers the possibility of using ultrasound in the production of ruthenium-containing catalytic system Ru/SPS MN 100. Kinetic testing of this catalyst was carried out and its activity was compared with the same catalyst, but synthesized without the use of ultrasound, in the process of hydrogenation of xylose and lactose to the corresponding polyols - xylitol and lactite. The hydrogenation process was carried out in a periodic and continuous reactor under optimal conditions (temperature, concentration of mono - and disaccharide, partial pressure of hydrogen, the rate of supply of an aqueous solution of xylitol and lactite and the rate of supply of hydrogen). It was found that ultrasonic treatment of the ruthenium catalyst contributes to an increase in its activity, which is reflected in an increase in the conversion of mono - and disaccharide during the process under periodic conditions, while there is practically no change in the conversion of substrates during their hydrogenation in a flow-type reactor.