scholarly journals Difficulties of differential diagnostics of Guillain–Barré syndrome in children. The discussion of two clinical cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
A. S. Kotov ◽  
E. V. Mukhina ◽  
A. V. Shatalin ◽  
M. V. Panteleeva ◽  
M. S. Bunak
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Clinical Cases

Guillain–Barré syndrome – an acute demyelinating autoimmune disease characterized by lesions of the peripheral nervous system and consequently peripheral paralysis, paresthesias and/or pain. Guillain–Barré syndrome is a predominant cause of acute flaccid paralysis, which may occur at any age. We present two clinical cases of flaccid paralysis with patients at the age of 7 and 5 years requiring verification of the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Exertional Syncope as a presenting feature in Guillain-Barré syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-233
Author(s):  
Tamer Shalaby ◽  
◽  
Constantinos Papoutsos ◽  
Louise Tiemens ◽  
Iain Crossingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Failure ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Motor Weakness ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute demyelinating disorder of the peripheral nervous system that results in motor weakness, absent reflexes and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Autonomic failure is reported in approximately 65 % of patientswith GBS and usually follows extensive motor involvement. In this case our patient presented with syncope and other signs of autonomic failure before the motor weakness developed. Few cases in the literature have reported features of autonomic failure before established weakness in GBS; to our knowledge, syncope has not been described previously as a presenting feature of GBS.

scholarly journals Zika virus infection causes temporary paralysis in adult mice with motor neuron synaptic retraction and evidence for proximal peripheral neuropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Morrey ◽  
Alexandre L. R. Oliveira ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Katherine Zukor ◽  
Mateus Vidigal de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

AbstractClinical evidence is mounting that Zika virus can contribute to Guillain-Barré syndrome which causes temporary paralysis, yet the mechanism is unknown. We investigated the mechanism of temporary acute flaccid paralysis caused by Zika virus infection in aged interferon αβ-receptor knockout mice used for their susceptibility to infection. Twenty-five to thirty-five percent of mice infected subcutaneously with Zika virus developed motor deficits including acute flaccid paralysis that peaked 8-10 days after viral challenge. These mice recovered within a week. Despite Zika virus infection in the spinal cord, motor neurons were not destroyed. We examined ultrastructures of motor neurons and synapses by transmission electron microscopy. The percent coverage of motor neurons by boutons was reduced by 20%; more specifically, flattened-vesicle boutons were reduced by 46%, and were normalized in recovering mice. Using electromyographic procedures employed in people to help diagnose Guillain-Barré syndrome, we determined that nerve conduction velocities between the sciatic notch and the gastrocnemius muscle were unchanged in paralyzed mice. However, F-wave latencies were increased in paralyzed mice, which suggests that neuropathy may exist between the sciatic notch to the nerve rootlets. Reversible synaptic retraction may be a previously unrecognized cofactor along with peripheral neuropathy for the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome during Zika virus outbreaks.

Jules Dejerine and the peripheral nervous system

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Mathis ◽  
Jean-Michel Vallat
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Hereditary Neuropathy ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Neuropathies ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Considerable Body

Jules Dejerine (1849–1917) was a French neurologist who contributed to the description of numerous neurologic conditions ranging from neurovascular pathology to neuromuscular disorders. A considerable body of his research was devoted to the peripheral nervous system. In this area, the eponymous Dejerine-Sottas syndrome refers to a form of infantile hereditary neuropathy. Dejerine also contributed to the description of many other disorders of the peripheral nervous system and was even a precursor in the study of acquired neuropathies (as well as acute inflammatory neuropathies, before the first description of the Guillain-Barré syndrome) and in the field of radicular pathology. In this centennial year of his death, we emphasize the variety and originality of Dejerine’s opus on diseases of the peripheral nervous system.

scholarly journals Guillain-Barré syndrome in a child: a clinical case

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Ryabchenko ◽  
E. V. Grankin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an orphan autoimmune disease associated with the involvement of the peripheral nervous system. The clinical course of the syndrome has four main types. We present a clinical case of Guillain-Barré syndrome in a 6-year old child. Against the background of a previous infection, he developed oculomotor dysfunction, peripheral tetraparesis, sensory abnormalities with subsequent severe weakness of the respiratory muscles. The differential diagnosis included inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic spinal cord disorders, spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging, and examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient's electromyographic data confirmed peripheral nerve damage. Based on all of these, the patient was diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Specific treatment, including plasmapheresis and intravenous human immunoglobulin G at a dose of 0.4 mg daily for 5 days, and symptomatic treatment resulted in gradual improvement and complete regression of the neurological symptoms completely resolved. Since Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare disease of the peripheral nervous system, the awareness of the specifics of its clinical course allows for earlier correct diagnosis and effective treatment.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Children under 15 Years Old in Southwest Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Momen ◽  
Abdolhussein Shakurnia
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
National Database ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy, which has become the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. An accurate estimation of GBS occurrence would be useful for investigating the potential causal relationships between risk factors and GBS. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence, annual time trend, and some epidemiological aspects of GBS in children in the Southwest of Iran. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted by the Department of Pediatrics of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences from January 2006 to December 2015. We extracted data from the national database of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance System. Results: A total of 184 subjects with GBS were assessed. The mean age of subjects was 5.43 ± 4.07 years. The average annual incidence rate of GBS was 1.51 per 100,000 children under 15 years old (95% CI: 1.29-1.73). There was no significant statistical difference in GBS incidence rate between girls and boys (p = 0.376). The highest and lowest proportions of the GBS occurrences were in autumn (32.2%) and summer (14.7%), respectively. Conclusions: The findings indicated that the annual incidence rate of GBS in this study was similar to those in other studies in this area.

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