RAPID BIOLOGICAL DETECTION OF APPLE SCAR SKIN VIROID

1992 ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.E. Howell ◽  
G.I. Mink
Keyword(s):  
Biological Detection ◽  
Scar Skin

scholarly journals Biological Properties of Apple Scar Skin Viroid: Isolates, Host Range, Different Sensitivity of Apple Cultivars, Elimination, and Natural Transmission

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 768-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Desvignes ◽  
N. Grasseau ◽  
R. Boyé ◽  
D. Cornaggia ◽  
F. Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Detection ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Shoot Tip Grafting ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Low Rate ◽  
Scar Skin

Studies conducted over the last 10 years have revealed that the disease caused by the apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) is extremely rare in Europe. ASSVd was detected by molecular hybridization and indexing in field plots on the apple indicators Starkrimson and Indo, which showed symptoms of dapple apple disease within 2 years, and rough scarred skin within 3 years, respectively. Results from both approaches were in agreement. In an attempt to improve the biological detection of ASSVd, the Japanese PK13 isolate was inoculated to 4 Prunus, 13 Malus, 17 Pyrus, and 17 other pomaceous species. All the species tested of the Malus, Pyrus, Sorbus, Chaenomeles, Cydonia, and Pyronia genera were susceptible to ASSVd based upon back indexing and hybridization, but none developed leaf or bark symptoms during a 2-year period. The viroid was not detected in the tested members of genera Amelanchier, Aronia, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Prunus, and Pyracantha. Symptoms on fruit of 42 commercial apple cultivars experimentally inoculated with ASSVd fell into five groups ranging from inconspicuous spots to severely scarred skin and cracking. ASSVd was eliminated from most of the infected apple plants when they were subjected to a dormant stage followed by thermotherapy and shoot tip grafting. Analysis of more than 400 apple seedlings, originated from Starkrimson and Indo fruits with typical ASSVd symptoms, showed that there is little or no seed transmission of this viroid. However, ASSVd was transmitted at a low rate under field conditions to adjacent trees.

Resonant acoustic profiling for biological detection and diagnostics

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chiu ◽  
C.J. Hammond ◽  
R. Hammond ◽  
L. Harding ◽  
E. Hawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Detection ◽  
Acoustic Profiling

Biological detection and analysis of mercury toxicity to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants

Chemosphere ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1500-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Sheng Zhou ◽  
Shao Jing Wang ◽  
Zhi Min Yang
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Mercury Toxicity ◽  
Biological Detection

scholarly journals Characterization of Airborne Bacteria at an Underground Subway Station

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1917-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Dybwad ◽  
Per Einar Granum ◽  
Per Bruheim ◽  
Janet Martha Blatny
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Biological Detection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subway Stations

ABSTRACTThe reliable detection of airborne biological threat agents depends on several factors, including the performance criteria of the detector and its operational environment. One step in improving the detector's performance is to increase our knowledge of the biological aerosol background in potential operational environments. Subway stations are enclosed public environments, which may be regarded as potential targets for incidents involving biological threat agents. In this study, the airborne bacterial community at a subway station in Norway was characterized (concentration level, diversity, and virulence- and survival-associated properties). In addition, a SASS 3100 high-volume air sampler and a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry-based isolate screening procedure was used for these studies. The daytime level of airborne bacteria at the station was higher than the nighttime and outdoor levels, and the relative bacterial spore number was higher in outdoor air than at the station. The bacterial content, particle concentration, and size distribution were stable within each environment throughout the study (May to September 2010). The majority of the airborne bacteria belonged to the generaBacillus,Micrococcus, andStaphylococcus, but a total of 37 different genera were identified in the air. These results suggest that anthropogenic sources are major contributors to airborne bacteria at subway stations and that such airborne communities could harbor virulence- and survival-associated properties of potential relevance for biological detection and surveillance, as well as for public health. Our findings also contribute to the development of realistic testing and evaluation schemes for biological detection/surveillance systems by providing information that can be used to mimic real-life operational airborne environments in controlled aerosol test chambers.

scholarly journals Biological detection and tagging using tailorable, reactive, highly fluorescent chemosensors.

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Shepodd ◽  
Thomas Zifer ◽  
James Ross McElhanon ◽  
Larry A Rahn
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Chemosensors ◽  
Biological Detection

scholarly journals Dynamic Characterization of Biosensing MEMS Cantilevers with Different Position of the Driving Electrode—Vacuum Response Versus Ambient Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Marius Pustan ◽  
Corina Birleanu ◽  
Florina Serdean
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Laser Vibrometer ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Biological Detection ◽  
Lower Electrode ◽  
Mems Resonators ◽  
Mems Cantilevers

The influence of the driving electrode positions on the dynamic response of polysilicon MEMS resonators used in biosensing applications is studied as a function of the operating conditions (vacuum versus free-air operating mode). The scope of this research work is orientated towards identifying the effect of driving electrode position on the dynamic response of sensing MEMS used in biomass detection. The mass-deposition detection is based on the change in the resonant frequency of vibrating elements considering a biological detection film deposited on the oscillating structure. The operating conditions, such as medium pressure, change the behavior of the dynamic response including the resonant frequency, the amplitude, and the velocity of oscillations as well as the quality factor and the loss of energy. The change in the dynamic response of the investigated MEMS cantilevers as a function of the lower electrode position and operating conditions is evaluated using a Polytec Laser Vibrometer. The decrease in the amplitude and velocity of the oscillations if the lower electrode is moved from the beam free-end toward the beam anchor is experimentally monitored. The changes in the response of samples in vacuum are slightly influenced by the electrode position compared with the response of the same sample in ambient conditions. Moreover, the effect of oscillating modes (first, second and third modes) is taken into consideration to improve the dynamical detection of the investigated samples. The obtained results indicate that different responses of MEMS resonators can be achieved if the position of the driving electrode is moved from the cantilever free-end toward the anchor. Indeed, the resonator stiffness, velocity and amplitude of oscillations are significantly modified for samples oscillating in ambient conditions for biological detection compared with their response in vacuum.

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