EVALUATION OF SPONTANEOUS PLUM POX VIRUS INFECTION OF PLUM AND PRUNE VARIETIES

1994 ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fischer ◽  
R. Männel
2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (04) ◽  
pp. 492-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. VOZÁROVÁ ◽  
M. GLASA ◽  
Z. W. ŠUBR

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliya Angelova ◽  
Antoniy Stoev ◽  
Ekaterina Borisova ◽  
Latchezar Avramov

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huogen Xiao ◽  
Etienne Lord ◽  
Hélène Sanfaçon

The NIa protease of potyviruses is a chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease related to the picornavirus 3C protease. It is also a multifunctional protein known to play multiple roles during virus infection. Picornavirus 3C proteases cleave hundreds of host proteins to facilitate virus infection. However, whether or not potyvirus NIa proteases cleave plant proteins has so far not been tested. Regular expression search using the cleavage site consensus sequence [EQN]xVxH[QE]/[SGTA] for the plum pox virus (PPV) protease identified 90-94 putative cleavage events in the proteomes of Prunus persica (a crop severely affected by PPV), Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana (two experimental hosts). In vitro processing assays confirmed cleavage of six A. thaliana and five P. persica proteins by the PPV protease. These proteins were also cleaved in vitro by the protease of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), which has a similar specificity. We confirmed in vivo cleavage of a transiently expressed tagged version of AtEML2, an EMSY-like protein belonging to a family of nuclear histone readers known to be involved in pathogen resistance. Cleavage of AtEML2 was efficient and was observed in plants that co-expressed the PPV or TuMV NIa proteases or in plants that were infected with TuMV. We also show partial in vivo cleavage of AtDUF707, a membrane protein annotated as lysine ketoglutarate reductase trans-splicing protein. Although cleavage of the corresponding endogenous plant proteins remains to be confirmed, the results show that a plant virus protease can cleave host proteins during virus infection and highlight a new layer of plant-virus interactions. Importance Viruses are highly adaptive and use multiple molecular mechanisms to highjack or modify the cellular resources to their advantage. They must also counteract or evade host defense responses. One well-characterized mechanism used by vertebrate viruses is the proteolytic cleavage of host proteins to inhibit the activities of these proteins and/or to produce cleaved protein fragments that are beneficial to the virus infection cycle. Even though almost half of the known plant viruses encode at least one protease, it was not known whether plant viruses employ this strategy. Using an in silico prediction approach and the well-characterized specificity of potyvirus NIa proteases, we were able to identify hundreds of putative cleavage sites in plant proteins, several of which were validated by downstream experiments. It can be anticipated that many other plant virus proteases also cleave host proteins and that the identification of these cleavage events will lead to novel antiviral strategies.


2004 ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S.M. Lebas ◽  
D.R. Elliott ◽  
R. vandenBrink ◽  
F.M. Ochoa-Corona ◽  
J.Z. Tang ◽  
...  

2006 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Hernandez ◽  
Pedro Diaz-Vivancos ◽  
Manuel Rubio ◽  
Enrique Olmos ◽  
Alfonso Ros-Barcelo ◽  
...  

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e100477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Rodamilans ◽  
David San León ◽  
Louisa Mühlberger ◽  
Thierry Candresse ◽  
Michael Neumüller ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara D. Collum ◽  
Andrew L. Stone ◽  
Diana J. Sherman ◽  
Elizabeth E. Rogers ◽  
Christopher Dardick ◽  
...  

Plum pox virus (PPV) is the causative agent of sharka, a devastating disease of stone fruits including peaches, apricots, and plums. PPV infection levels and associated disease symptoms can vary greatly, depending upon the virus strain, host species, or cultivar as well as developmental age of the infected tissues. For example, peaches often exhibit mild symptoms in leaves and fruit while European plums typically display severe chlorotic rings. Systemic virus spread into all host tissues occurs via the phloem, a process that is poorly understood in perennial plant species that undergo a period of dormancy and must annually renew phloem tissues. Currently, little is known about how phloem tissues respond to virus infection. Here, we used translating ribosome affinity purification followed by RNA sequencing to identify phloem- and nonphloem-specific gene responses to PPV infection during leaf development in European plum (Prunus domestica L.). Results showed that, during secondary leaf morphogenesis (4- and 6-week-old leaves), the phloem had a disproportionate response to PPV infection with two- to sixfold more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in phloem than nonphloem tissues, despite similar levels of viral transcripts. In contrast, in mature 12-week-old leaves, virus transcript levels dropped significantly in phloem tissues but not in nonphloem tissues. This drop in virus transcripts correlated with an 18-fold drop in phloem-specific DEGs. Furthermore, genes associated with defense responses including RNA silencing were spatially coordinated in response to PPV accumulation and were specifically induced in phloem tissues at 4 to 6 weeks. Combined, these findings highlight the temporal and spatial dynamics of leaf tissue responses to virus infection and reveal the importance of phloem responses within a perennial host.


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