MAINTAINING BIOSECURITY AND MARKET ACCESS IN THE AUSTRALIAN STRAWBERRY INDUSTRY FOLLOWING METHYL BROMIDE PHASE-OUT

2010 ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.W. Mattner ◽  
I.J. Porter ◽  
R.K. Gounder ◽  
R.C. Mann ◽  
B. Guijarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Strawberry Industry ◽  
Phase Out

CRITICAL CHALLENGES FOR THE PHASE-OUT OF METHYL BROMIDE IN THE AUSTRALIAN STRAWBERRY INDUSTRY

2014 ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.W. Mattner ◽  
M. Milinkovic ◽  
P.R. Merriman ◽  
I.J. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Strawberry Industry ◽  
Phase Out

scholarly journals Strawberries at the Crossroads: Management of Soilborne Diseases in California Without Methyl Bromide

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 956-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Holmes ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Mansouripour ◽  
Shashika S. Hewavitharana
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Soilborne Diseases ◽  
Strawberry Industry ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
Strawberry Breeding ◽  
The Impact

Strawberry production has historically been affected by soilborne diseases such as Verticillium wilt. This disease was a major limiting factor in strawberry production in California in the 1950s and was the main reason that preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB) was developed in the late 1950s. MB fumigation was so successful that over 90% of the commercial strawberry fruit production in California utilized this technique. However, MB was subsequently linked to ozone depletion, and its use was phased out in 2005. The California strawberry industry was awarded exemption to the full phase-out until 2016, when all MB use in strawberry fruit production was prohibited. MB use continues in strawberry nurseries under an exemption to prevent spread of nematodes and diseases on planting stock. This review examines the impact of the MB phase-out on the California strawberry industry and evaluates the outlook for the industry in the absence of one of the most effective tools for managing soilborne diseases. New soilborne diseases have emerged, and historically important soilborne diseases have reemerged. Registration of new fumigants has been difficult and replacement of MB with a new and effective alternative is unlikely in the foreseeable future. Thus, crop losses due to soilborne diseases are likely to increase. Host plant resistance to soilborne diseases has become a top priority for strawberry breeding programs, and cultivars are increasingly selected for their resistance to soilborne diseases. The intelligent integration of a variety of management tactics is necessary to sustain strawberry production in California.

Metam Sodium Combined with Chloropicrin as an Alternative to Methyl Bromide Fumigation for Tomato

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 525b-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Locascio ◽  
D.W. Dickson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Good Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Phase Out

In past work, dichloropropene + 17% Pic (1,3-D + Pic) at 327 L·ha–1 plus pebulate provided good control of nematode, soil fungi, and nutsedge in mulched tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and is considered the best alternative for methyl bromide (MBr) + chloropicrin (Pic), which is scheduled for phase-out in the United States by Jan. 2001. Metam-sodium did not provide acceptable pest control. In the present study, metam-Na (295 L·ha–1 combined with Pic (168 kg·ha–1) + 4.5 kg·ha–1 pebulate, and 1,3-D + 35% Pic at 168 and 225 L·ha–1 + pebulate were compared to MBr-Pic (98-2% at 345 kg·ha–1 and 67-33% at 505 kg·ha–1). Fumigants were injected into the bed except metam-Na and pebulate were surface-applied and incorporated and drip tubing and mulch were applied. Marketable yields with MBr-Pic, 225 L·ha–1 1,3-D + Pic, and metam-Na + Pic were higher than with the check. Yields with metam-Na alone or with additional water before transplanting were similar to the check. Nutsedge was controlled with MBr-Pic and all treatments with pebulate. Nematode root-gall ratings were high on tomato grown without fumigants (8.9 rating on a scale of 0 to 10 with 0 = no galling), low with MBr-Pic (0.33), and intermediate with all other treatments (2.2 to 5.5) except with 168 L·ha–1 1-3-D + Pic (8.3). This study indicates that metam-Na + Pic + pebulate also is a possible alternative to MBr-Pic for tomato.

scholarly journals Highpressurewashing to manage insect infestations on capsicums

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
N.E.M. Page-Weir ◽  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
S.P. Redpath ◽  
M.J. Griffin ◽  
S.R. Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Mitigation Measure ◽  
Surface Contaminants ◽  
Insect Infestations

Pests on capsicum fruit can cause market access issues resulting in costly methyl bromide fumigation High pressure washing (HPW) removes insects and other surface contaminants and has been commercialised for capsicums This paper reports on performance of a commercial HPW system and compares it to an experimental HPW system that the commercial system was based on The experimental highpressure washing system operated at 75 or 100 psi (517 or 689 kPa respectively) resulted in complete removal of aphids on capsicum fruit The commercial washer at the same pressures removed 981989 of aphids resulting in 8595 clean fruit HPW treatment increased incidence of soft rot and stem blackening with higher rot blackening at 100 psi These results indicate the potential of HPW to be included as a mitigation measure in a systems approach to improve market access for capsicum However further optimisation in a commercial setting and evidence for efficacy against other pests of capsicum such as tomato potato psyllid is required

scholarly journals Critical Yellow Nutsedge-free Period for Polyethylene-mulched Bell Pepper

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy N. Motis ◽  
Salvadore J. Locascio ◽  
James P. Gilreath
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Removal Experiment ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Soil Fumigant ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
Pepper Plants

Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) interference with bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has become an important concern because of the phase-out of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant. The critical period for yellow nutsedge control in pepper was determined in two adjacent experiments (removal and plant-back) conducted twice in separate fields each Spring and Fall 2000 in Gainesville, Fla. In the removal experiment, nutsedge was planted with pepper in all but the full-season (13 weeks) weed-free controls and removed at 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks after pepper transplanting (WAPT). Full-season weedy control plots in the removal experiment were obtained by never removing nutsedge planted with pepper (0 WAPT). In the plant-back experiment, all but the full-season weed-free controls received nutsedge with nutsedge planted at 0 (full-season weedy control), 1, 3, 5, and 7 WAPT. Sprouted nutsedge tubers were planted at a density of 45 tubers/m2. Results indicated that a nutsedge-free period from 3 to 5 WAPT in spring and 1 to 7 WAPT would prevent >10% yield reductions of large and marketable peppers. Full-season nutsedge interference reduced pepper yields by >70%. When planted with pepper, nutsedge shoots grew taller than pepper plants with nutsedge heights at 5 WAPT up to two times greater in fall than spring. Results indicated that yellow nutsedge control practices should be initiated earlier and continue longer in fall than spring due to faster early-season nutsedge growth in fall than spring.

The Methyl Bromide Ban: Economic Impacts on the California Strawberry Industry

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A. Carter ◽  
James A. Chalfant ◽  
Rachael E. Goodhue ◽  
Frank M. Han ◽  
Massimiliano DeSantis
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Strawberry Industry

scholarly journals Effects of Fumigant Alternatives to Methyl Bromide on Pest Control in Open Field Nursery Production of Perennial Fruit and Nut Plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally M. Schneider ◽  
Bradley D. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Nursery ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Phase Out

Nursery producers of perennial fruit and nut plants rely on preplant fumigation to meet regulatory requirements designed to ensure nematode-free planting stock. In the past, preplant treatments with methyl bromide or high rates of 1,3-dichloropropene were the preferred treatments. However, the phase out of methyl bromide due to environmental concerns and evolving regulations on the use of 1,3-dichloropropene has increased the need for effective and economical alternative fumigation treatments in open field nursery production. A field trial was conducted in a commercial nursery to test weed and nematode control with several tarped and untarped preplant applications of 1,3-dichloropropene, chloropicrin, and iodomethane in comparison with methyl bromide. Crop safety and nematode infestation were evaluated on a wide range of tree, vine, and berry nursery stock. No fall fumigation treatment in this study resulted in measurable injury to spring-planted nursery stock. There were few statistical differences between methyl bromide and the other fumigation treatments in crop establishment, crop quality, or nematode level at planting 5 months after treatment, although some untarped treatments had detectable levels of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). At grape (Vitus vinifera) and bramble (Rubus spp.) harvest after the first growing season, few statistical differences were noted in the number of nematodes isolated from roots; however, only methyl bromide had nondetectable levels in all varieties. The highest nematode levels were usually found in untarped iodomethane:chloropicrin and untarped chloropicrin plots. At tree harvest 26 months after fumigation, root-knot nematodes were isolated from the roots of highly susceptible tree varieties in several iodomethane:chloropicrin treatments and in chloropicrin alone plots. Untarped applications did not provide commercially acceptable control of weeds or root-knot nematode in this trial. Tarped applications of 30:70 and 50:50 iodomethane:chloropicrin provided nematode control similar to 1,3-dichloropropene, although not as good as methyl bromide. Iodomethane:chloropicrin combinations have been registered in other states and should be considered for use in California perennial fruit and nut crop nurseries as an alternative to methyl bromide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document