A RESEARCH OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SURFACE WATERS USING THE MODERNIZED CLASSIFICATION OF ALEKIN

Author(s):  
V.K. Khilchevskyi ◽  
S.M. Kurylo

Climatic changes and value of anthropogenic load of watershed of the rivers can be main reasons. The article researched long-term changes in the chemical composition of rivers in Ukraine. Long-term changes in the chemical composition of the river waters of Ukraine were analyzed using the modernized Alekin classification (modernization was proposed by V.K. Khilchevskyi and S.M. Kurylo). The additions introduced by the authors to the basic classification of O.A.Alekin allow fixing the dynamics of changes in the chemical composition of natural waters by cations at the group level, as well as at a more detailed level, revealing quantitative changes in the relative content of class-forming anions (at the level of subtypes). Taking it into account for the most relevant tasks which arise for hydrologists and hydrochemicals are considered to be determination of modern regularities of streamflow and hydrochemical regime in conditions of warming which happens and assessments of such changes for the perspective. The mineralization of water and concentration of the main ions in river waters change for many reasons. Studying has been executed on the Udaj river, Tur`ya river, Sula river. The trend of increasing salinity of river water is detection. Main changes are taking place in the spring. During period of supervisions there was growth of mineralization of water: Sula – from 440 to 1125 mg/dm3.The main factor there is an increased part of groundwater flow. In favor of this conclusion the following results of researches serve. The special executed calculations showed dependence between part of ground flow and chemical composition of water of the rivers. Different classifications are used to systematize natural waters by chemical composition. Attempts to classify water in accordance with the general conditions by which their chemical composition is formed are known. For analysis of long-term changes of the hydrochemical regime in different phases of the water was found and application of the classification of Alekin (modernizated). Modernization does not touch the highest trait – class, but concerns groups and types, with the introduction of a new taxon – subtype. Modernization to the basic classification of Alekhin allow to fixed in detail the dynamics of changes in the chemical composition of natural waters by cations at the group level. At a detailed level, quantitative changes in the relative content of anions (at the level of proposed subtypes) can be fixed. Verification of the modernized classification of O.A. Alekhin, made on 25 rivers of the Dnipro river basin. Rivers are located in different environmental zones, have different anthropogenic pressure and term of observations (40 – 60 years). An attempt was made to apply the modernized classification to other types of natural waters – groundwater and atmospheric.

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Wika ◽  
Alicja Barć

Long-term changes and maintenance of Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman population in the Wodąca Valley (the Cracow-Częstochowa Upland) The Cracow-Częstochowa Upland is an important mesoregion for the maintenance of Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman and its habitat with the Phyllitido-Aceretum Moor 1952 association. Studies in the Wodąca Valley focused on: the determination of the actual numerical force and quantitative changes in hart's-tongue resources between 1999 and 2009, a comparison of these results with literature, as well as on the indication of appropriate solutions for conservation purposes and for tourist exploitation of the Jurassic outcrops. Results of these studies provide scientific arguments for the maintenance of Phyllitis scolopendrium in the Wodąca Valley, on the edge of its European range.


2002 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
V.I. Marsakova

AbstractSome numerical parameters of long-term changes of light curves in Long Period Variables (LPVs) are obtained. Results of analysis of the sample of 53 LPVs and classification of these stars are discussed.


Rangifer ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Olofsson ◽  
Öje Danell ◽  
Birgitta Åhman ◽  
Pär Forslund

This study investigates the possibility of using carcass records from the commercial slaughter of reindeer as indicator of long-term changes in animal condition and, thus, the condition and use of their snow-free pasture. The aim was to assess the suitability of this indicator for use within adaptive management programmes for reindeer husbandry grazing resources. Data comprising measurements of carcass weight, conformation and fatness taken from commercial reindeer slaughter between 1994 and 2007, were analysed in relation to year, slaughter date, herding district, population density, and three categories of animals selected for slaughter. The carcass measures were significantly affected by year, and the effects were strongly correlated among the three animal categories. There were generally positive trends over the 14-year period studied. We identified several factors that should be considered when using carcass data to indicate long-term changes in animal body condition: (i) slaughter date had different effects depending on animal category; (ii) reindeer population density negatively affected female and calf carcasses, but not male carcasses. The effects of herding district were similar for carcasses of calves and females, but differed between females and males. Some of the differences between animal categories may be due to differing timing of slaughter (point i above), by different slaughter selection among districts, or have ecological explanations, e.g. sex differences in range use. Uncertainties in the classification of animals when using skeletal development to discriminate between calf and yearling carcasses, may also add to differences among districts. That population density effects on body condition were detectable together with the similarities in the effects of year and general long-term trends between animal categories support the suggestion that carcass measures can be used to indicate general changes in reindeer body condition and range use.


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