A Digital X-Ray Analysis of Middle Bronze Age Skeletal Samples from the Baraba Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Z. V. Marchenko ◽  
◽  
M. S. Kishkurno ◽  
A. E. Grishin ◽  
S. Reinhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Skeletal Samples

Представлены результаты сравнительного комплексного исследования патологического развития костной и зубной систем у индивидов из погребений позднекротовской и андроновской (федоровской) культур эпохи развитой бронзы на юге Западной Сибири. Этот период характеризуется расширением ареала носителей степных традиций андроновской историко-культурной общности в Северной и Центральной Азии, в т.ч. в лесостепь. Изучены изменения внутренней структуры костной ткани на большеберцовых костях (линии Гарриса) и зубные патологии (гипоплазия эмали, кариес). Для фиксации нарушений нормального развития костной ткани использовалось цифровое рентгенографическое оборудование. В выборку включены представители разных половозрастных групп обеих культур из материалов крупнейшего некрополя региона Тартас-1 (Барабинская лесостепь). Линии Гарриса и гипоплазия эмали возникают под действием широкого спектра факторов (инфекционные болезни, периодическое голодание, травмы, авитаминоз и пр.). Кариес отражает увеличение в рационе углеводной составляющей и общий низкий уровень гигиены полости рта. Время формирования каждой из этих патологий различно, что позволяет предполагать неблагоприятные факторы, влияющие на развитие человека в детский, подростковый (линии Гарриса и гипопалазия) и взрослый (кариес) периоды жизни. Выявлены различия в частотах и сочетаниях патологий у представителей позднекротовской и андроновской популяций. В андроновской выборке ниже частота гипоплазии, что указывает на меньшую долю стресса в детском возрасте, а в позднекротовской — линий Гарриса, что может свидетельствовать о низком уровне стресса в подростковый период. Статистические различия в проявлении анализируемых патологий у обеих групп предварительно связываются с различными моделями хозяйственно-культурной адаптации.

A Digital X-Ray Analysis of Middle Bronze Age Skeletal Samples from the Baraba Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Z. V. Marchenko ◽  
M. S. Kishkurno ◽  
A. E. Grishin ◽  
S. Reinhold
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Skeletal Samples

scholarly journals 14C Chronology of Burial Grounds of the Andronovo Period (Middle Bronze Age) in Baraba Forest Steppe, Western Siberia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 737-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
V I Molodin ◽  
Z V Marchenko ◽  
Y V Kuzmin ◽  
A E Grishin ◽  
M van Strydonck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Cultural Complex ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Grounds

This paper focuses on the chronology of Middle Bronze Age complexes in the Baraba forest steppe (western Siberia). Three sites were radiocarbon dated, Stary Tartas 4, Sopka 2, and Tartas 1. The Late Krotovo culture was dated to the 18–19th centuries BC, the Andronovo complex (Fedorovo stage) to the 15–18th centuries BC, and the Mixed Andronovo complex dated to the 15–17th centuries BC. These values are some 300–500 yr older than previously thought, and the new results are consistent with14C dates of the Andronovo cultural complex in northern Eurasia. Based on these data, the 15th century BC is the upper chronological limit of the Andronovo period.

scholarly journals Provenance Study of Prehistoric Ceramics from Sicily: A Comparative Study between pXRF and XRF

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Tanasi ◽  
Robert H. Tykot ◽  
Frederick Pirone ◽  
Erin McKendry
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Provenance Study ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Diagnostic Samples ◽  
Prehistoric Ceramics ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractThe 1964 archaeological exploration of the Ognina islet near Syracuse, Sicily, has provided evidence suggesting a long-term prehistoric occupation from the Neolithic to the Middle Bronze Age. Maltese style ceramics were found in Early and Middle Bronze Age layers. A small group of imports belonging to the Thermi Ware culture was found in connection with the local Castelluccian Ware (EBA), and Maltese style Borġ in-Nadur wares were recovered with local Thapsos ceramics (MBA). During fieldwork in 2012, large amounts of ceramics were recovered including new examples of Thermi and Borġ in-Nadur wares as well as large amounts of Castelluccian and Thapsos pottery. In order to ascertain whether the Maltese type pottery was imported from Malta, a program of archaeometric analyses was established. Diagnostic samples belonging to both Maltese-like and Sicilian pottery classes were analyzed with destructive thin sectioning and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and subsequently analyzed with non-destructive portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF) together with a sample of Sicilian clay taken from a clay source close to the islet. The analyses demonstrated that the two Thermi Ware samples were locally produced and three out of four Borġ in-Nadur pieces had a Maltese provenance while one of the four being produced in Sicily.

scholarly journals Investigating Early/Middle Bronze Age copper and bronze axes by micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and neutron imaging techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Figueiredo ◽  
Marco A. Stanojev Pereira ◽  
Filipa Lopes ◽  
José G. Marques ◽  
Joana P. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Middle Bronze Age

scholarly journals METHODS OF NATURAL SCIENCES IN THE STUDY OF ANCIENT CERAMICS (Transition Time from the Bronze Epoch to the Early Age. South Western Siberian Plain)

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
V. I. Molodin ◽  
L. N. Mylnikova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Transition Time ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
X Ray

The article publishes the results of studying the molding masses and the quality of firing ceramic vessels of the Linevo 1 site (transition time from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age). The research was carried out using the methods of natural sciences: petrographic, X-ray phase and thermal. Five groups of ceramics were identified in the ceramic complex of the site. The second — Late Irmenskaya culture is a continuation development of the autochthonous — Irmenskaya. Three others: Molchanovskaya, Samodelkinskaya and with features of the early Iron Age — are imported. Within the framework of one site Linevo 1, there were recorded the existence of two traditions of making molding masses: chamotte and granitoid. The second tradition has been singled out both for the Molchanovskaya ceramic group and for the Samodelkino group but they differ in the composition of rock fragments. It was calculated that most of the collection is made up of «transitional» forms, «forms of imitation». There are no identical or closely related products in terms of morphological features in the collection. Syncretism of the complex under consideration is evidence of the complex ethno-cultural composition of the inhabitants of the ancient settlement. It can be clearly traced as a local autochthonous component that grows on the Irmenskaya culture basis and the northern taiga, coming to the forest-steppe most likely from the southern taiga of the Ob River. Obviously the fifth group of ceramics is foreign. As for the Linevo settlement complex it generally confirms the tendency of the joint existence of various ceramic traditions of the forest-steppe, steppe and taiga circle of cultures already noted for the cultures of the transitional time of the West Siberian forest-steppe with the predominance of the Irmenskaya culture — Late Irmenskaya culture component. All the results obtained are objective in nature, since they are based not on visual definitions, but on petrographic, X-ray phase, thermal methods and mathematical miscalculations.

scholarly journals The non-ferrous metal toolkit of the Petrovka Culture of the South Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
A.D. Degtyareva
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The South ◽  
River Region ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
Steppe Belt ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Metal Tools

The article presents data on the morphological and typological characteristics of the trade tools of the Pet-rovka Culture of the South Trans-Urals and middle Tobol River region, originating from the sites of Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, and Tyumen Regions (77 specimens in total; 126 specimens in total including knives). According to the radiocarbon dating, the chronological period of the Petrovka sites in the Southern Trans-Urals spans the 19th through 18th centuries B.C. The distribution of tools into types was based on the techniques of typological division of the artifacts, taking into account their shape, presence of certain qualitative features, as well as consideration of the geographical and cultural areal of similar articles. The produce of the Southern Trans-Urals center is repre-sented by a diverse set of metal tools and by functioning of large settlements with metallurgical specialization — Kulevchi 3, Ustye 1, and Shibaevo 1. In the typology of the tool complex of the Petrovka Culture of the Southern Trans-Urals and the Middle Pre-Tobol region, common Eurasian types dominate, being genetically associated with the centers of the Middle Bronze Age of the Circumpontian Metallurgical Province — the Late Yamnaya-Poltavkino, Catacomb Culture, and metal-producing centers of the Corded Ware Culture — Volsk-Lbische and Balanovo. A pronounced variety of the morphotypes of the tools, especially knives, is characteristic of the initial stage of ethnogenesis of the cultures of the forest-steppe and steppe zone of Eurasia during the transitional pe-riod from the MBA to the LBA. Common Eurasian types of tools are characteristic of the cultures of the 1st phase of the Eurasian (West Asian) metallurgical province of the forest-steppe and steppe belt from the Don region to the Irtysh region: Abashevo; Sintashta; Early Srubnaya (Pokrovka); Petrovka (Early Alakul). Specific groups of tools inherent in the tribes of the Petrovka Culture were revealed: axes with a massive head; medium-curved sick-les with a prominent handle; socketed spearheads without eyelets and raised ribs along the edge of the socket; forged arrowheads with a through socket; knives with a straight prominent handle — double-edged and single-edged; knives with a forged open socket. In the appearance of some types of tools among the Petrovka population of the Trans-Urals, such as forged socketed tools — chisels, knives, arrows, double-edged knives with a prominent handle, and sickles with a small curvature, the influence of the Abashevo stereotypes of production is discernible. In the meantime, sufficient data have been obtained on the direct imports or on the conjugation of types of the metal tools and weapons of the Sintashta, Petrovka, and Seima-Turbino Cultures in closed complexes.

scholarly journals Provenance Study of Archaeological Ceramics from Syria Using XRF Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Thermoluminescence Dating

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Elias Hanna Bakraji ◽  
Rana Abboud ◽  
Haissm Issa
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Methods ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Archaeological Ceramics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermoluminescence Dating ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Middle Bronze Age

Thermoluminescence (TL) dating and multivariate statistical methods based on radioisotope X-ray fluorescence analysis have been utilized to date and classify Syrian archaeological ceramics fragment from Tel Jamous site. 54 samples were analyzed by radioisotope X-ray fluorescence; 51 of them come from Tel Jamous archaeological site in Sahel Akkar region, Syria, which fairly represent ceramics belonging to the Middle Bronze Age (2150 to 1600 B.C.) and the remaining three samples come from Mar-Takla archaeological site fairly representative of the Byzantine ceramics. We have selected four fragments from Tel Jamous site to determinate their age using thermoluminescence (TL) method; the results revealed that the date assigned by archaeologists was good. An annular 109Cd radioactive source was used to irradiate the samples in order to determine their chemical composition and the results were treated statistically using two methods, cluster and factor analysis. This treatment revealed two main groups; the first one contains only the three samples M52, M53, and M54 from Mar-Takla site, and the second one contains samples that belong to Tel Jamous site (local).

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