scholarly journals Investigating Early/Middle Bronze Age copper and bronze axes by micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and neutron imaging techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Figueiredo ◽  
Marco A. Stanojev Pereira ◽  
Filipa Lopes ◽  
José G. Marques ◽  
Joana P. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Middle Bronze Age

scholarly journals Provenance Study of Prehistoric Ceramics from Sicily: A Comparative Study between pXRF and XRF

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Tanasi ◽  
Robert H. Tykot ◽  
Frederick Pirone ◽  
Erin McKendry
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Provenance Study ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Diagnostic Samples ◽  
Prehistoric Ceramics ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractThe 1964 archaeological exploration of the Ognina islet near Syracuse, Sicily, has provided evidence suggesting a long-term prehistoric occupation from the Neolithic to the Middle Bronze Age. Maltese style ceramics were found in Early and Middle Bronze Age layers. A small group of imports belonging to the Thermi Ware culture was found in connection with the local Castelluccian Ware (EBA), and Maltese style Borġ in-Nadur wares were recovered with local Thapsos ceramics (MBA). During fieldwork in 2012, large amounts of ceramics were recovered including new examples of Thermi and Borġ in-Nadur wares as well as large amounts of Castelluccian and Thapsos pottery. In order to ascertain whether the Maltese type pottery was imported from Malta, a program of archaeometric analyses was established. Diagnostic samples belonging to both Maltese-like and Sicilian pottery classes were analyzed with destructive thin sectioning and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and subsequently analyzed with non-destructive portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF) together with a sample of Sicilian clay taken from a clay source close to the islet. The analyses demonstrated that the two Thermi Ware samples were locally produced and three out of four Borġ in-Nadur pieces had a Maltese provenance while one of the four being produced in Sicily.

Experimental Approaches for Distribution and Behavior of Water in Gas Diffusion Layer Using Neutron and X-Ray Imaging Techniques

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
TaeJoo Kim ◽  
JongRok Kim ◽  
CheulMuu Sim ◽  
Massound Kaviany ◽  
SangYoung Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Layer ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Gas Diffusion Layer ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
And Behavior

In this investigation, we visualized water distribution and behavior of water in GDL (Gas Diffusion Layer) which is one of components of PEMFC using both Neutron and X-ray imaging. The experimental facility had a single channel on both faces of GDL. One was the channel to supply water and the other was the channel to supply air. These images were captured for water was supplied on different pressures. This investigation was performed at HANARO, KAERI, Korea (Neutron imaging) and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea (X-ray imaging). Neutron imaging showed good contrast and wide spatial range and X-ray imaging showed high spatial resolution. And they had 1∼2 sec exposure times which is enough time for unsteady behavior of water. These showed that neutron and X-ray imaging techniques are a powerful tool to visualize the water distribution and a behavior of porous media like as components of PEMFC. And they can give more useful data if they cooperate complementary.

New views of plant fossils from Antarctica: a comparison of X-ray and neutron imaging techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dawson ◽  
Jane Francis ◽  
Rosemary Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Neutron Tomography ◽  
Fossil Plant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plant Fossils ◽  
Original Specimen ◽  
The Antarctic

A fossil plant of Eocene age from Antarctica was studied using X-ray and neutron tomography to reveal the three-dimensional plant structures encased within carbonate nodules. The fossil was identified as a branch and leaves of an araucarian conifer, which grew on the volcanic highlands of the Antarctic Peninsula region approximately 50 million yr ago. Both X-ray and neutron imaging techniques successfully exposed the full three-dimensional structure of the fossil without destroying the original specimen, revealing that most of the fossil was present as voids in the concretion and little organic matter was present. However, neutron tomography was found to produce images with superior quality and detail.

scholarly journals Provenance Study of Archaeological Ceramics from Syria Using XRF Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Thermoluminescence Dating

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Elias Hanna Bakraji ◽  
Rana Abboud ◽  
Haissm Issa
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Methods ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Archaeological Ceramics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermoluminescence Dating ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Middle Bronze Age

Thermoluminescence (TL) dating and multivariate statistical methods based on radioisotope X-ray fluorescence analysis have been utilized to date and classify Syrian archaeological ceramics fragment from Tel Jamous site. 54 samples were analyzed by radioisotope X-ray fluorescence; 51 of them come from Tel Jamous archaeological site in Sahel Akkar region, Syria, which fairly represent ceramics belonging to the Middle Bronze Age (2150 to 1600 B.C.) and the remaining three samples come from Mar-Takla archaeological site fairly representative of the Byzantine ceramics. We have selected four fragments from Tel Jamous site to determinate their age using thermoluminescence (TL) method; the results revealed that the date assigned by archaeologists was good. An annular 109Cd radioactive source was used to irradiate the samples in order to determine their chemical composition and the results were treated statistically using two methods, cluster and factor analysis. This treatment revealed two main groups; the first one contains only the three samples M52, M53, and M54 from Mar-Takla site, and the second one contains samples that belong to Tel Jamous site (local).

A Digital X-Ray Analysis of Middle Bronze Age Skeletal Samples from the Baraba Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Z. V. Marchenko ◽  
◽  
M. S. Kishkurno ◽  
A. E. Grishin ◽  
S. Reinhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Skeletal Samples

Представлены результаты сравнительного комплексного исследования патологического развития костной и зубной систем у индивидов из погребений позднекротовской и андроновской (федоровской) культур эпохи развитой бронзы на юге Западной Сибири. Этот период характеризуется расширением ареала носителей степных традиций андроновской историко-культурной общности в Северной и Центральной Азии, в т.ч. в лесостепь. Изучены изменения внутренней структуры костной ткани на большеберцовых костях (линии Гарриса) и зубные патологии (гипоплазия эмали, кариес). Для фиксации нарушений нормального развития костной ткани использовалось цифровое рентгенографическое оборудование. В выборку включены представители разных половозрастных групп обеих культур из материалов крупнейшего некрополя региона Тартас-1 (Барабинская лесостепь). Линии Гарриса и гипоплазия эмали возникают под действием широкого спектра факторов (инфекционные болезни, периодическое голодание, травмы, авитаминоз и пр.). Кариес отражает увеличение в рационе углеводной составляющей и общий низкий уровень гигиены полости рта. Время формирования каждой из этих патологий различно, что позволяет предполагать неблагоприятные факторы, влияющие на развитие человека в детский, подростковый (линии Гарриса и гипопалазия) и взрослый (кариес) периоды жизни. Выявлены различия в частотах и сочетаниях патологий у представителей позднекротовской и андроновской популяций. В андроновской выборке ниже частота гипоплазии, что указывает на меньшую долю стресса в детском возрасте, а в позднекротовской — линий Гарриса, что может свидетельствовать о низком уровне стресса в подростковый период. Статистические различия в проявлении анализируемых патологий у обеих групп предварительно связываются с различными моделями хозяйственно-культурной адаптации.

A Digital X-Ray Analysis of Middle Bronze Age Skeletal Samples from the Baraba Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Z. V. Marchenko ◽  
M. S. Kishkurno ◽  
A. E. Grishin ◽  
S. Reinhold
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Skeletal Samples

scholarly journals Investigation of Wood Materials by Combined Application of X-ray and Neutron Imaging Techniques*

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
Roberto Triolo ◽  
Graziella Giambona ◽  
Fabrizio Lo Celso ◽  
Irene Ruffo ◽  
Nikolay Kardjilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Combined Application

Studies of metaphase chromosomes in the scanning transmission x-ray microscope: Image fidelity, radiation damage and specimen preparation

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1038-1039
Author(s):  
Shawn Williams ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Susan Lamm ◽  
Jack Van’t Hof
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Transmission

The Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope (STXM) is well suited for investigating metaphase chromosome structure. The absorption cross-section of soft x-rays having energies between the carbon and oxygen K edges (284 - 531 eV) is 6 - 9.5 times greater for organic specimens than for water, which permits one to examine unstained, wet biological specimens with resolution superior to that attainable using visible light. The attenuation length of the x-rays is suitable for imaging micron thick specimens without sectioning. This large difference in cross-section yields good specimen contrast, so that fewer soft x-rays than electrons are required to image wet biological specimens at a given resolution. But most imaging techniques delivering better resolution than visible light produce radiation damage. Soft x-rays are known to be very effective in damaging biological specimens. The STXM is constructed to minimize specimen dose, but it is important to measure the actual damage induced as a function of dose in order to determine the dose range within which radiation damage does not compromise image quality.

An x-ray microprobe based upon a close-coupled focal-spot / glass capillary arrangement

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1758-1759
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
M. A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Beam Damage

The development of intense sources of x rays has led to renewed interest in the use of microbeams of x rays in x-ray fluorescence analysis. Sparks pointed out that the use of x rays as a probe offered the advantages of high sensitivity, low detection limits, low beam damage, and large penetration depths with minimal specimen preparation or perturbation. In addition, the option of air operation provided special advantages for examination of hydrated systems or for nondestructive microanalysis of large specimens.The disadvantages of synchrotron sources prompted the development of laboratory-based instrumentation with various schemes to maximize the beam flux while maintaining small point-to-point resolution. Nichols and Ryon developed a microprobe using a rotating anode source and a modified microdiffractometer. Cross and Wherry showed that by close-coupling the x-ray source, specimen, and detector, good intensities could be obtained for beam sizes between 30 and 100μm. More importantly, both groups combined specimen scanning with modern imaging techniques for rapid element mapping.

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