Participation and Degree Attainment of African-American and Latino Students in Graduate Education Relative to Other Racial and Ethnic Groups: An Update from Office of Civil Rights Data

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Latino Students ◽  
Degree Attainment ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Graduate Degrees ◽  
Engineering Mathematics ◽  
Education Administrators ◽  
Black And Latino

In this article, Gail Thomas uses 1988-1989 degree completion data from the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights Survey to track the number of Black and Latino students awarded graduate degrees in engineering, mathematics, and science by U.S. institutions of higher education. Her study reveals the severe underrepresentation of Black and Latino students in graduate programs in these fields. Given the changing racial composition of the United States and projected shortages of science and engineering professionals and faculty by the year 2010, Thomas's findings challenge higher education administrators and policymakers to examine and correct the conditions that hinder the participation of U.S.-born minorities in science, mathematics, and engineering graduate programs and professions.

New Directions in Latino/a/x Histories of Education: Comparative Studies in Race, Language, Law, and Higher Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-622
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Student Activism ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Legal Cases

The twenty-first century has seen a surge in scholarship on Latino educational history and a new nonbinary umbrella term, Latinx, that a younger generation prefers. Many of historian Victoria-María MacDonald's astute observations in 2001 presaged the growth of the field. Focus has increased on Spanish-surnamed teachers and discussions have grown about the Latino experience in higher education, especially around student activism on campus. Great strides are being made in studying the history of Spanish-speaking regions with long ties to the United States, either as colonies or as sites of large-scale immigration, including Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines. Historical inquiry into the place of Latinos in the US educational system has also developed in ways that MacDonald did not anticipate. The growth of the comparative race and ethnicity field in and of itself has encouraged cross-ethnic and cross-racial studies, which often also tie together larger themes of colonialism, language instruction, legal cases, and civil rights or activism.

scholarly journals Narrative Ethnographies of Diverse Faculty in Higher Education: “Moral” Multiculturalism among Competing Worldviews

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Wilder ◽  
David Sanon ◽  
Cecil Carter ◽  
Michael Lancellot
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Teachers ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Diverse Students ◽  
Black Schools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Graduate Degrees ◽  
White Schools

Since the Civil Right Movement in the United States, African Americans and other diverse students have forged through “integrated” educational systems to terminal graduate degrees. Some studies suggest racial integration in U. S. schools made White participants less prejudiced toward others, although the data showed that after schooling, many Whites again lived (and still do) in segregated neighborhoods with separation in places of employment, churches, and social groups (Wells, Holme, Revilla, & Atanda, 2004). One diverse participant in this study asked whether, after decades of integration, there has been any real progress, citing excellent educational experiences with all Black teachers within the all Black schools where he grew up. Is it truly progress for diverse students when they are bussed across town to be treated as minorities in mostly White schools? More diverse students do graduate from college; however, the diversity rate of professors is still abysmal. This study reports the contextual experiences of three African American (one an administrator) and one Latina faculty member with decades of experience in the public educational system and as they engaged in the culture of higher education struggling with a moral multiculturalism—whether worldviews (therefore free speech) could be morally determined and whether they as diverse faculty truly belong and are truly respected.

Non-Traditional Students in Higher Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 264-279
Author(s):  
Carlene Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Degree Attainment ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Traditional Students ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Non Traditional Students ◽  
Dispositional Barriers ◽  
Education Administrators

The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate the barriers that non-traditional students (defined as over 40) face in self-directing their own learning and the strategies they develop to succeed. First established are the main elements that define non-traditional students, and the critical role that self-directed learning plays in their complicated educational journey towards degree attainment. The author then analyzes firsthand accounts and triangulates the findings with seminal research, which confirm that institutional, situational, and dispositional barriers in higher education pose serious difficulties to non-traditional students. Among the strategies for self-directing their learning in order to mitigate barriers and achieve success are setting attainable goals, seeking support, staying informed, remaining positive and focused when challenged, and planning. The chapter concludes with recommendations for higher education administrators regarding policies and procedures relative to non-traditional students and diversity in 21st-century education.

State Bans on Affirmative Action and Talent Loss Among Blacks and Latinos in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-76
Author(s):  
Amy Lutz ◽  
Pamela R. Bennett ◽  
Rebecca Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Latino Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Postsecondary Institutions ◽  
National Data ◽  
Selective College ◽  
Selective Colleges ◽  
Black And Latino

Although affirmative action in college admissions is constitutionally permissible, several states prohibit it. We investigate whether bans push black and Latino students from in-state public selective colleges to other types of postsecondary institutions, thus contributing to talent loss among these groups. Unlike most other studies, we analyze national data (the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009) so that we can follow students across state lines. We find no evidence that students from ban states shift from one type of selective college to another; that is, from in-state public flagships to in-state private ones or selective colleges in other states. However, the odds of attending a nonselective college, instead of an in-state public selective college, are almost three times higher among blacks and Latinos in ban states compared with their counterparts in states without bans. We argue that bans on affirmative action may contribute to talent loss among black and Latino students.

Standing Against the Wind

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Civil Rights Era ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Sociopolitical Climate ◽  
Post Civil Rights

In the wake of an increasingly divisive sociopolitical climate in the United States, there is a sense of immediate urgency among institutions of higher education to speak with a united voice in terms of maintaining the post-civil rights era principles of providing equitable access to educational opportunities for all students. Students, regardless of their race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, religion, or socioeconomic status should be afforded equal access to sound educational opportunities. Thusly, the next generation of teachers must be not only instructionally competent in their grade or subject area but also be capable of adapting that instruction to meet the sociocultural and socioemotional needs of the students they serve. From this charge, a larger conversation emerges calling for a change in the existing narrative related to teaching marginalized populations away from political banter towards the release of silent voices that have the agentic potential to engage as voices of authentic change.

scholarly journals A Necessary Partnership: Study Abroad and Sustainability in Higher Education

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M.W. Dvorak ◽  
Lars D. Christiansen ◽  
Nancy L. Fischer ◽  
Joseph B. Underhill
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
International Education ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Higher Education Administrators ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
Education Administrators

In this article, we will explore two case studies of programs abroad that seriously engaged both the contradictions and opportunities inherent in the idea of sustainable international education. The first examines environmental politics and ecology in New Zealand and the Cook Islands and the second compares sustainable urban practices in Canada and the United States. Based on the lessons learned from these case studies, we will argue that partnership between internationalization and sustainability efforts is necessary to help institutions of higher learning become both global and “green.” To that effect, we discuss specific and concrete ways to “green” study abroad courses throughout this paper, particularly within the two case studies and in our concluding discussion of strategies for international educators, faculty, and higher education administrators.

scholarly journals African Americans and the Struggle for Opportunity in Florida Public Higher Education, 1947-1977

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Johnson ◽  
Deirdre Cobb-Roberts ◽  
Barbara Shircliffe
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
World War ◽  
Civil Rights Organizations ◽  
Education Report

In the decades following World War II, access to higher education became an important vehicle for expanding opportunity in the United States. The African American-led Civil Rights Movement challenged discrimination in higher education at a time when state and federal government leaders saw strengthening public higher education as necessary for future economic growth and development. Nationally, the 1947 President's Commission on Higher Education report Higher Education for American Democracy advocated dismantling racial, geographic, and economic barriers to college by radically expanding public higher education, to be accomplished in large part through the development of community colleges. Although these goals were widely embraced across the country, in the South, white leaders rejected the idea that racial segregation stood in the way of progress. During the decades following World War II, white southern educational and political leaders resisted attempts by civil rights organizations to include desegregation as part of the expansion of public higher education.

History of Testing in the United States: Higher Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 683 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Nettles
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Higher Education Policies

Since the founding of Harvard College, colleges and universities have used many types of examinations to serve multiple purposes. In the early days of student assessment, the process was straightforward. Each institution developed and administered its own unique examination to its own students to monitor their progress and to prospective students who applied for admission. Large-scale standardized tests emerged in the twentieth century in part to relieve the burden placed upon high schools of having to prepare students to meet the examination requirements of each institution to which a student applied. Up to that point, local communities of tutors and teachers were attempting to prepare students to succeed on each higher education institution’s unique examination. Large-scale standardized tests have enjoyed more than a century of popularity and growth, and they have helped higher education institutions to solve problems in admissions and placement, and to measure learning outcomes. Over time, they have also become controversial, especially pertaining to race and class. This article is a historical view of educational testing in U.S. higher education, linking its development with past and present societal challenges related to civil rights laws, prominent higher education policies, and the long struggle of African American people in the United States.

Introduction to Special Issue: Diverse Faculty in Higher Education: Relentless in Search of the Holy Grail of Academia

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn K. Wilder ◽  
Elia Vázquez-Montilla
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Current State ◽  
Personal Experiences

After a half decade of struggle since the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S., what is the current state of diversity among faculty in higher education? Have the numbers of diverse faculty increased? Do diverse faculty members feel accepted and successful? How are diverse faculty members faring in their various roles in higher education? The special issue editors have completed the pilot study of a larger survey that queries the state of diverse faculty in higher education in the United States. Investigation included the areas of belonging (if and how a sense of belonging is developed), professional respect (how colleagues regard achievements), and the role of cultural broker (if and how functioning as a cultural broker influences peers, administrators, and/or diverse students). In addition to the results of the preliminary survey reported by the survey authors, diverse faculty members, both foreign-born and native-born, from various universities in the U. S. have added their personal experiences of struggle and triumph in the field of higher education.

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