scholarly journals Incorporation of elevator evacuation from a specific floor – A numerical study of an office building

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Hammarberg ◽  
Håkan Niva ◽  
Axel Mossberg
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Floor Plan ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Elevator Evacuation

This paper investigates evacuation from a specific floor plan to determine if elevators can replace one of the escape routes consisting of a staircase without lengthening the evacuation times. This study specifically studies evacuation from one single office floor with 360 and 540 occupants, designed as one fire compartment with an area of 2800 m2. To specify the occupants’ willingness to use the elevator for evacuation from different floors, three different functions are used. These functions are modified to include more floors and are used to derive different distributions for the proportion using staircases and elevators, by simulations in Pathfinder. Two setups are studied. First, three staircases are used for evacuation. Secondly, one staircase is replaced with five evacuation elevators with capacity for eight occupants, and one elevator for sixteen occupants. For these setups, evacuation is studied from the 2nd, 8th, 16th, 25th and 50th floor. In addition to the studied functions, distributions that minimize the evacuation time for each floor are derived from the simulations. These distributions give the shortest possible evacuation times. The distributions are then compared to evacuation simulations from the first setup, only utilizing the three staircases. The results show that for the elevators to fully replace a staircase, between 45-60 % of the floor occupants need to use the elevators when the occupant count is 360, and 43-50 % when the number of occupants is 540. However, these values are dependent on floor number. Compared to the functions studied, the optimal percentage is significantly higher for lower floors, becoming closer to the functions as they increase with higher floor numbers. For each distribution on every floor, queuing time was also studied. Based on the results from the calculations, the study concludes that six evacuation elevators could replace one staircase on the studied office floor. However, this result relies on a certain percentage of the occupants using elevators for evacuation.

Improving the Evacuation Time for 8-Story Office Building Using Pathfinder Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.8) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Himawan Hadi Sutrisno ◽  
Jafar Amiruddin ◽  
Triyono .
Keyword(s):  
Time Difference ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
The Real ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The evacuation time during fire becomes the determining factor for survival and building occupants often ignore the knowledge and the correct way to evacuate during fire. This lack of knowledge increases panics among the evacuees and causes more casualties. By using the pathfinder simulation, the simulated evacuation time is compared with the real evacuation time to get the recommendation for the improvement of evacuation time to reach the assembly points. The improvement of the evacuation time is done by eliminating the time difference between the simulated evacuation time and the real evacuation time. This study may benefit the method to increase the evacuation ability and to improve the sterilization of the evacuation routes until the assembly points.    

A Research of the Elevator Evacuation Performance and Strategies for Taipei 101 Financial Center

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen-Wen Chien ◽  
◽  
Wei-Jou Wen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Main Building ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
Structural Layout ◽  
The World ◽  
Taipei 101 ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Financial Center ◽  
Elevator Evacuation

Issues revolving around the use of elevator evacuation in highrise buildings for emergencies (both firerelated and nonfire-related) have long been under debate. This research investigates the performance of using elevator evacuation in Taipei 101, the second tallest building in the world. Taipei 101 Financial Centre (the main building) is used mainly for office occupancy and contains a total of 61 elevators. The analysis for this study was carried out using simulation results from building EXODUS and FDS. The results show that using elevators as a method of evacuation can help shorten up the time in a nonfire-related emergency, but in the case of fire events, elevator evacuation is less effective due to the nature of the structural layout, reliability of electric power and other factors. The results for nonfire-related evacuation time found in this study correspond to some literature on elevator evacuations from abroad.

Engineering Evaluation of Work Force Efficiency

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin L. Zemsky
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Floor Plan ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Circuit Court ◽  
Commercial Area ◽  
Ball Point

The Miami Center, Phase I, located at Ball Point, adjacent to Bayfront Park in downtown Miami, Florida, consists of a 34 story office building (The Ed Ball Office Building), a 34 story hotel (The Inter-Continental), and a promenade called The Podium connecting them. The project also included a multiple-use parking structure for the hotel and commercial area. See Photo A and Floor Plan AP. James P. Driscoll Inc., an electrical contractor, had signed a contract on October 13, 1980 with Morse/Diesel Inc. of Florida, to perform the electrical work required for the construction of The Miami Center, Phase I. In May of 1983 prior to the completion of the project, Driscoll was terminated for nonperformance. Driscoll filled suit in Dade County Circuit Court, Dade County Florida, for contract balances, extra work and delays. The delay claim, in the amount of $1,000,000, was presented by Driscoll, utilizing many of the classic items found in a delay claim, and Driscolls expert prepa

Hepatocyte Alterations in Guinea Pigs FED Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Dibenzodioxins (PCDD), AND DIBENZOFURANS (PCDF)

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
J. N. Turner ◽  
D. N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cooling Fluid

A fire involving an electric service transformer and its cooling fluid, a mixture of PCBs and chlorinated benzenes, contaminated an office building with a fine soot. Chemical analysis showed PCDDs and PCDFs including the highly toxic tetra isomers. Guinea pigs were chosen as an experimental animal to test the soot's toxicity because of their sensitivity to these compounds, and the liver was examined because it is a target organ. The soot was suspended in 0.75% methyl cellulose and administered in a single dose by gavage at levels of 1,10,100, and 500mgm soot/kgm body weight. Each dose group was composed of 6 males and 6 females. Control groups included 12 (6 male, 6 female) animals fed activated carbon in methyl cellulose, 6 males fed methyl cellulose, and 16 males and 10 females untreated. The guinea pigs were sacrificed at 42 days by suffocation in CO2. Liver samples were immediately immersed and minced in 2% gluteraldehyde in cacadylate buffer at pH 7.4 and 4°C. After overnight fixation, samples were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in cacodylate for 1 hr at room temperature, embedded in epon, sectioned and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Numerical study of the low-frequency atomic dynamics in a Lennard-Jones glass

1998 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sampoli, P. Benassi, R. Dell'Anna,
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Lennard Jones
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