Determination of Sequence of Strokes-Conventional & Non-Conventional Techniques - A Review Study

The most important tool for a document examiner is his or her own vision, but in this section and the laboratory tour section we will consider the external tools which enable the examiner to see, evaluates and record more than is apparent to the unaided eye. The number of papers outlines the basic necessity of photographic illustrations for demonstrating the data offer clinching evidence, strong enough to with stand legal scrutiny on which opinions of the document examiner are based, hence play a very vital role in the examination of forensic documents. For the purpose of examination in the laboratory as well as the use of photographs becomes indispensible in cases involving traced or simulated forgery, built-up documents, forgery over genuine signatures and forgery by substitution, interpolations, differences in the tint of ink etc. The authors have solved a case in resolving the sequence of strokes with same ball point ink in an actual case received in the laboratory.

“Self-inflicted ballpoint pen in a male urinary bladder and successful endoscopic management - a rare case report ”

Background: Self-inflicted foreign bodies in the urinary bladder are extremely rare sometimes posing a great challenge in the management. Most of these objects are introduced through the urethra for sexual gratification. It is very rare for foreign bodies inserted per the urethra, to reach the bladder, especially in men owing to the anatomy of the urethra. Case presentation: We report a case of the self-inflicted ball-point pen in the urinary bladder of a male patient during the COVID-19 pandemic lock-down. The uniqueness of this presentation is the patient was able to negotiate the foreign body through the normal curvatures of the urethra to reach the urinary bladder in its entirety without causing any significant injury to the lower urinary tract and its successful endoscopic extraction using nephroscope and the challenges faced during the extraction. Conclusion: This is the first reported successful endoscopic extraction of a long rigid foreign body from a male urinary bladder. A combined or open procedure is the usual approach for the removal of large bladder foreign bodies. It is now clear to us that the even long rigid bladder foreign bodies in men can be extracted successfully with endoscopy provided adequate endoscopic instruments and armamentarium are available

Skin writometer: A novel instrument for assessing provocation threshold in patients with symptomatic dermographism

Symptomatic dermographism, a type of physical urticaria is a common condition affecting patient’s quality of life. For its diagnosis, clinicians in India currently use tip of the ball point pen for estimating the provocation threshold. However, because of single tip of fixed length, ball point pen can-not differentiate between different grades of symptomatic dermographism. With variations in the intensity of stroke, there is a possibility of even missing the diagnosis. Hence, there is a need of a better method to diagnose symptomatic dermographism and determine the provocation threshold. Skin writometer, a plastic instrument with three arms of varying length can be novel in this regards. This instrument is simple, user friendly, easy to use and inexpensive. It can be used for diagnosis as well as assessment of treatment response in patients with symptomatic dermographism.

“Self-inflicted ballpoint pen in a male urinary bladder and successful endoscopic management - a rare case report ”

Background: Self-inflicted foreign bodies in the urinary bladder are extremely rare sometimes posing a great challenge in the management. Most of these objects are introduced through the urethra for sexual gratification. It is very rare for foreign bodies inserted per the urethra, to reach the bladder, especially in men owing to the anatomy of the urethra.Case presentation: We report a case of the self-inflicted ball-point pen in the urinary bladder of a male patient during the COVID-19 pandemic lock-down. The uniqueness of this presentation is the patient was able to negotiate the foreign body through the normal curvatures of the urethra to reach the urinary bladder in its entirety without causing any significant injury to the lower urinary tract and its successful endoscopic extraction using nephroscope and the challenges faced during the extraction.Conclusion: This is the first reported successful endoscopic extraction of a long rigid foreign body from a male urinary bladder. A combined or open procedure is the usual approach for the removal of large bladder foreign bodies. It is now clear to us that the even long rigid bladder foreign bodies in men can be extracted successfully with endoscopy provided adequate endoscopic instruments and armamentarium are available

Forensic analysis of hand-written documents using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and chemometrics

With the use of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), fast and semi non-destructive elemental analysis of ball-point pen writings has been performed directly from paper surfaces, aiming to obtain maximum differentiation between pens with a minimum number of pulses.

What cost decisiveness? A cost benefit analysis of the lockdown to contain COVID-19 in India

On 24th March, 2020 the Government of India announced a national level lockdown to contain the spread of COVID. The lockdown policy has generated considerable controversy, with critics arguing that it was done without adequate notice or planning, exposed vulnerable section of the population to a humanitarian crisis, and failed to contain the spread of COVID. In response, the Government has claimed that lockdown slowed the transmission process of COVID, thereby reducing the number of cases and deaths substantially. The consequent pressure on the health infrastructure was also much less. To judge between competing claims, this study has undertaken the first cost-benefit analysis of the world’s biggest lockdown. Although the data for a proper cost-benefit analysis is currently not available, we have made a ball point estimate of the net benefit of the lockdown under alternative scenarios. Our estimates reveal the net benefits of lockdown to be negative; moreover, the results are robust under all scenarios.

Synthesis Theory and Optimum Design of Four-bar Linkage with Given Angle Parameters

In this paper, a synthesis method is proposed for the 5-point-contact four-bar linkage that approximates a straight line with given angle parameters. The given parameters were the angles and the location of the Ball point. Synthesis equations were derived for a general Ball–Burmester point case, the Ball–Burmester point at an inflection pole, and the Ball point that coincided with two Burmester points, resulting in three respective groups of bar linkages. Next, taking Ball–Burmester point as the coupler point, two out of the three bar-linkage combinations were used to generate three four-bar mechanisms that shared the same portion of a rectilinear trajectory. Computation examples were presented, and nine cognate straight-line mechanisms were obtained based on the Roberts-Chebyshev theory. Considering that the given parameters were angles which was arbitrarily chosen, with the other two serving as the horizontal and vertical axes, so the solution region graphs of the solutions for three mechanism configurations were plotted. Based on these graphs, the distribution of the mechanism attributes was obtained with high efficiency. By imposing constraints, the optimum mechanism solution was straightforwardly identified by the designers. For the angular parameters prescribed in this paper, the solutions for three straight-line mechanism configurations were obtained, along with nine cognate straight-line mechanisms that shared the same portion of the rectilinear trajectory. All the fixed pivot installation locations and motion performances differed, thus providing multiple solutions to the trajectory of the synthesis of mechanisms.

Prevention of Defects in Injection Molding Process in the Manufacturing of Ballpoint Pen

Injection molding is one of the major manufacturing processes for thermoplastic polymers. In injection molding machine, process variables play a very important role in generating defects in products. In the present paper manufacturing of ball point pen is taken up to investigate the prevention of defects through design and controlling various process parameters. Two molds are designed and fabricated specially for this experimental work. The analysis showed that the defect occurrence has close relation with pressure, speed and the temperature of the injection molding machine in addition to the basic design of the mold. The paper suggests preventive actions for the defects like flash, burn marks, short shot, shrinkage, weld line, warpage and sink mark. The preventive actions were successfully implemented in manufacturing the ball point pen.