FEATURES OF AUTOROSETTE FORMATION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION

In 108 HIV-infected patients studied the phenomenon of endogenous autorosette formation in peripheral blood in the peripheral blood has been studied. The total number of autorosettes and autorosettes with exocytic lysis was established to be much greater than in healthy individuals. This, along with neutrophilic and monocytic autorosettes a large number of autorosettes formed by platelets has been observed. Under the influence of antiretroviral therapy the number of platelet autorosettes decreases, the number of neutrophils and monocyte-derived autorosettes rises, eosinophilic autorosettes appear. Such dynamics seems to reflect the features of intercellular relationships in the blood of patients with HIV infection/ that indicates significant disturbances in the immune system and can serve as an indicator of treatment efficacy.

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XMODULATION IN MICEAND MEN: IL-10 PRODUCING CELLS INBLOOD AND LYMPHOID TISSUE

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v31i4.4789 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

L Barrett ◽

M Grant ◽

R Liwski ◽

K West

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Human Immune System ◽

Healthy Humans

Background: The human immune system provides remarkable protection from a plethora of pathogens, but can cause damage when activated for a prolonged time (as inpersistent infections) or against self (autoimmunity). Therefore, mechanisms of immune system downregulation and control are imperative. There is little data on how the immune system is controlled in healthy individuals. We recently described a novel population of white blood cells that constitutively produce the immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Our objective was to further delineate the distribution of these cells in human and mouse models, as well as potential triggers for interleukin-10 production in vitro. Methods: Human and animal protocols were reviewed and approved by the institutional ethics board and animal care facilities, and informed consent was obtained from all human donors. The ex vivo percentage of peripheral blood CD36^+IL-10^+ mononuclear cells was assessed by intracellular flow cytometry in 10 healthy individuals. IL-10 production after exposure to twoCD36 ligands, thrombospondin and oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) was measured at 8 hours. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and splenocytes from BL/6 (n=5) and Balb/c (n=1) micewere assessed for CD36^+IL-10^+ cells ex vivo as well. Results: The percentage of CD36^+IL-10^+ cells in peripheral blood fromhealthy individuals ranges between 0.1% and 0.9%. The percentage was similar in mouse peripheral blood, with a range of 0.4%-1.1%. These cells were also found in mouse spleen at a higher frequency than peripherally (1.1-1.5%). Human CD36^+IL-10^+ cells have more IL-10 when exposed to thrombospondin, oxLDL. Conclusions: Our novel population of IL-10 producing cells is found not only in healthy humans, but also in lymphoid tissue and blood from pathogen free mice. This highlights the evolutionary conservation of the cell across species, and suggests an important homeostatic function. The physiologic ligands for CD36 are ubiquitous in circulation, and ourin vitro data suggests a link between CD36 ligation and IL-10 production. IL-10 is a known immune system modulator, and its production by these cells may help maintain homeostaticcontrol of the immune system.

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MR1-restricted MAIT cells from the human lung mucosal surface have distinct phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic features that are preserved in HIV infection

10.1101/2020.11.19.389858 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sharon Khuzwayo ◽

Maphe Mthembu ◽

Erin W. Meermeier ◽

Sanjay M. Prakadan ◽

Samuel W. Kazer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

Peripheral Circulation ◽

Mucosal Surface ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Mait Cells ◽

And Function ◽

Mait Cell

AbstractMucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a class of innate-like T cells that utilize a semi-invariant αβ T cell receptor to recognize small molecule ligands produced by bacteria and fungi. Despite growing evidence that immune cells at mucosal surfaces are often phenotypically and functionally distinct from those in the peripheral circulation, knowledge about the characteristics of MAIT cells at the lung mucosal surface, the site of exposure to respiratory pathogens, is limited. HIV infection has been shown to have a profound effect on the number and function of MAIT cells in the peripheral blood, but its effect on lung mucosal MAIT cells is unknown. We examined the phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic features of MR1 restricted MAIT cells from the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar compartments of otherwise healthy individuals with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection who were either HIV uninfected or HIV infected. Peripheral blood MAIT cells consistently co-expressed typical MAIT cell surface markers CD161 and CD26 in healthy individuals, while paired bronchoalveolar MAIT cells displayed heterogenous expression of these markers. Bronchoalveolar MAIT cells produced lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and expressed higher levels of co-inhibitory markers PD-1 and TIM-3 than peripheral MAIT cells. HIV infection resulted in decreased frequencies and pro-inflammatory function of peripheral blood MAIT cells, while in the bronchoalveolar compartment MAIT cell frequency was decreased but phenotype and function were not significantly altered. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis demonstrated greater heterogeneity among bronchoalveolar compared to peripheral blood MAIT cells and suggested a distinct subset in the bronchoalveolar compartment. The transcriptional features of this bronchoalveolar subset were associated with atypical MAIT cells and tissue repair functions. In summary, we found previously undescribed phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity of bronchoalveolar MAIT cells in healthy people. In HIV infection, we found numeric depletion of MAIT cells in both anatomical compartments but preservation of the novel phenotypic and transcriptional features of bronchoalveolar MAIT cells.

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Multidimensional Quality of Life of HIV/AIDS Patients Who Undergo ARV Therapy in Maccini Clinic Makassar

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v4i13.5235 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Muh Yusuf Tahir

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Immune System ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: AIDS is a collection of symptoms caused by a variety of microorganisms and other ferocity due to the decreased resistance/immunity of the patient.GlobalAIDS epidemicshowsthatthereare34millionpeoplewithHIVworldwide.InSoutheastAsia, there are approximately 4 million people with HIV. HIV infection in humans has a long incubation period (5-10 years), and then the patient can be called as people living with HIVHIVcausesimmunedeﬁciencysothatthepatientsarevulnerabletoopportunistic infection attack. Antiretroviral (ARV) could be given the patients to stop a virus and restoring the immune system, reduce the occurrence of opportunistic infections, improve the quality of life and decrease disability. Objectives: This study aims to explore the Multidimensional Quality of Life of HIV/AIDS patients in Maccini Clinic Makassar. Methods:Phenomenological study conducted to explore the experiences of informants related to the quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients who have antiretroviral therapy. Ten informants selected based on inclusion criteria using purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews and analysis with the aid of N Vivo software version 10. Results: The results of this study shows that after having antiretroviral therapy, HIV/AIDS patients have increased in physical, psychological, social, functional, environmental, spiritual, and sexual dimensions. Conclusions: The dimension that gives most inreasing of the quality of life in HIV patients was physical dimension.

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