Siebesk. Thyrotoxicosis and Basedow's disease. (Dtsch. Med Wschr., No. 1.1937)

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1142-1142
Author(s):  
B. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Basedow’S Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

In the picture of thyrotoxicosis, the foreground is the dysfunction of the thyroid gland; it should be borne in mind that the latter is under the influence of the central nervous system and hormonal centers (for example, the pituitary gland), changes in which affect the course and severity of the disease.

METABOLIC STUDIES WITH 131I-LABELED THYROXINE. II.

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grinberg
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tentative Explanation

ABSTRACT Radiologically thyroidectomized female Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally with 131I-labeled thyroxine (T4*), and were studied at time intervals of 30 minutes and 4, 28, 48 and 72 hours after injection, 10 mice for each time interval. The organs of the central nervous system and the pituitary glands were chromatographed, and likewise serum from the same animal. The chromatographic studies revealed a compound with the same mobility as 131I-labeled triiodothyronine in the organs of the CNS and in the pituitary gland, but this compound was not present in the serum. In most of the chromatographic studies, the peaks for I, T4 and T3 coincided with those for the standards. In several instances, however, such an exact coincidence was lacking. A tentative explanation for the presence of T3* in the pituitary gland following the injection of T4* is a deiodinating system in the pituitary gland or else the capacity of the pituitary gland to concentrate T3* formed in other organs. The presence of T3* is apparently a characteristic of most of the CNS (brain, midbrain, medulla and spinal cord); but in the case of the optic nerve, the compound is not present under the conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Neuro-Osteology

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neuro-osteology stresses the biological connection during development between nerve and hard tissues. It is a perspective that has developed since associations were first described between pre-natal peripheral nerve tissue and initial osseous bone formation in the craniofacial skeleton (Kjær, 1990a). In this review, the normal connection between the central nervous system and the axial skeleton and between the peripheral nervous system and jaw formation are first discussed. The early central nervous system (the neural tube) and the axial skeleton from the lumbosacral region to the sella turcica forms a unit, since both types of tissue are developmentally dependent upon the notochord. In different neurological disorders, the axial skeleton, including the pituitary gland, is malformed in different ways along the original course of the notochord. Anterior to the pituitary gland/sella turcica region, the craniofacial skeleton develops from prechordal cartilage, invading mesoderm and neural crest cells. Also, abnormal development in the craniofacial region, such as tooth agenesis, is analyzed neuro-osteologically. Results from pre-natal investigations provide information on the post-natal diagnosis of children with congenital developmental disorders in the central nervous system. Examples of these are myelomeningocele and holoprosencephaly. Three steps are important in clinical neuro-osteology: (1) clinical definition of the region of an osseous or dental malformation, (2) embryological determination of the origin of that region and recollection of which neurological structure has developed from the same region, and (3) clinical diagnosis of this neurological structure. If neurological malformation is the first symptom, step 2 results in the determination of the osseous region involved, which in step 3 is analyzed clinically. The relevance of future neuro-osteological diagnostics is emphasized.

NMO Spectrum Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. E36-E47
Author(s):  
Steffen Pfeuffer ◽  
Christine Strippel ◽  
Heinz Wiendl
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Degree Of Disability ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Aqp4 Antibody

AbstractNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) represent a rare subset of chronic-inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Despite heterogeneities in disease activity, there is a higher degree of disability accumulation in NMOSD patients compared to MS patients. According to the revised diagnostic criteria, a recommendation was made to abandon the term NMO and to summarize these conditions as NMOSD. Clinical presentation of NMOSD patients in most cases is optic neuritis and transverse myelitis but nevertheless, NMOSD can affect most parts of the central nervous system (e. g. brainstem and hypothalamus). Originally characterized as AQP4-antibody-dependent disease, it has recently been discussed whether conditions with presence of antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) belong to the family of NMOSD. Due to the severity of the disease with often devastating relapses, systematic therapy is necessary. Usually, immunosuppressants or monoclonal antibodies with anti-inflammatory properties are used. Recently, four substances entered clinical testing for treatment of NMOSD.

The Effects of Barium140Lanthanum140(Gamma) Radiation on the Central Nervous System and Pituitary Gland of Macaque Monkeys

1958 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Webb Haymaker ◽  
W. J. H. Nauta ◽  
John C. Sloper ◽  
Gert Laqueur ◽  
John E. Pickering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Macaque Monkeys ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Regional physiological adaptation of the central nervous system deiodinases to iodine deficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (1) ◽  
pp. E54-E61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Peeters ◽  
Csaba Fekete ◽  
Carla Goncalves ◽  
Gabor Legradi ◽  
Helen M. Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Medial Basal Hypothalamus ◽  
Iodothyronine Deiodinases ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The goal of the present investigation was to analyze the types 2 (D2) and 3 (D3) iodothyronine deiodinases in various structures within the central nervous system (CNS) in response to iodine deficiency. After 5–6 wk of low-iodine diet (LID) or LID + 2 μg potassium iodide/ml (LID+KI; control), rats' brains were processed for in situ hybridization histochemistry for D2 and D3 mRNA or dissected, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and processed for D2 and D3 activities. LID did not affect weight gain or serum triiodothyronine, but plasma thyroxine (T4) was undetectable. In the LID+KI animals, D3 activities were highest in the cerebral cortex (CO) and hippocampus (HI), followed by the olfactory bulb and was lowest in cerebellum (CE). Iodine deficiency decreased D3 mRNA expression in all CNS regions, and these changes were accompanied by three- to eightfold decreases in D3 activity. In control animals, D2 activity in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) was similar to that in pituitary gland. Of the CNS D2-expressing regions analyzed, the two most responsive to iodine deficiency were the CO and HI, in which an ∼20-fold increase in D2 activity occurred. Other regions, i.e., CE, lateral hypothalamus, MBH, and pituitary gland, showed smaller increases. The distribution of and changes in D2 mRNA were similar to those of D2 activity. Our results indicate that decreases in the expression of D3 and increases in D2 are an integral peripheral component of the physiological response of the CNS to iodine deficiency.

Evidence that clomethiazole interacts with the macromolecular GABA A-receptor complex in the central nervous system and in the anterior pituitary gland

1989 ◽  
Vol 339 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Vincens ◽  
Alain Enjalbert ◽  
Kenneth G. Lloyd ◽  
Jean-Jacques Paillard ◽  
Fran�oise Thuret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals II. On the function of the thyroid gland

1885 ◽  
Vol 38 (235-238) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adult Animal ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
The Brain

Up till the year 1883 the function of the thyroid gland was unknown, and considered to be of slight importance, at least to the adult animal. The theories concerning its function were— (1.) The one propounded by Mr. Simon, “ Phil. Trans.,” 1844, &c., viz., that the thyroid body acted as a regulator of the circulation in the brain, and possibly manufactured some substance which was of primary importance for the nutrition of the central nervous system.

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