Evidence that clomethiazole interacts with the macromolecular GABA A-receptor complex in the central nervous system and in the anterior pituitary gland

ABSTRACT Radiologically thyroidectomized female Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally with 131I-labeled thyroxine (T4*), and were studied at time intervals of 30 minutes and 4, 28, 48 and 72 hours after injection, 10 mice for each time interval. The organs of the central nervous system and the pituitary glands were chromatographed, and likewise serum from the same animal. The chromatographic studies revealed a compound with the same mobility as 131I-labeled triiodothyronine in the organs of the CNS and in the pituitary gland, but this compound was not present in the serum. In most of the chromatographic studies, the peaks for I, T4 and T3 coincided with those for the standards. In several instances, however, such an exact coincidence was lacking. A tentative explanation for the presence of T3* in the pituitary gland following the injection of T4* is a deiodinating system in the pituitary gland or else the capacity of the pituitary gland to concentrate T3* formed in other organs. The presence of T3* is apparently a characteristic of most of the CNS (brain, midbrain, medulla and spinal cord); but in the case of the optic nerve, the compound is not present under the conditions of this study.

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Interleukin (IL) 1 , IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-10, and IL-13 gene expression in the central nervous system and anterior pituitary during systemic inflammation: Pathophysiological implications

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.94.1.227 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 227-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 162

Author(s):

M.-L. Wong ◽

P. B. Bongiorno ◽

V. Rettori ◽

S. M. McCann ◽

J. Licinio

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Effect of Fasting on the Content of Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone and its mRNA in the Central Nervous System and Pyroglutamyl Peptidase II Activity in the Anterior Pituitary of Post-Weaned and Adult Rats

Nutritional Neuroscience ◽

10.1080/1028415x.2000.11747323 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 255-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

P. de Gortari ◽

M.E. González-Alzati ◽

M. Cisneros ◽

P. Joseph-Bravo

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Siebesk. Thyrotoxicosis and Basedow's disease. (Dtsch. Med Wschr., No. 1.1937)

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj75758 ◽

1937 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 1142-1142

Author(s):

B. Ivanov

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Basedow’S Disease ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Severity Of The Disease

In the picture of thyrotoxicosis, the foreground is the dysfunction of the thyroid gland; it should be borne in mind that the latter is under the influence of the central nervous system and hormonal centers (for example, the pituitary gland), changes in which affect the course and severity of the disease.

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The Physiological Pathology of the Anterior Pituitary

Journal of Mental Science ◽

10.1192/bjp.85.357.619 ◽

1939 ◽

Vol 85 (357) ◽

pp. 619-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Max Reiss

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Present Knowledge ◽

Cortical Function ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain

[In the physiology of the central nervous system, the hypothalamus has of recent years obtained a position of much enhanced importance. There is reason to believe that it has a determining influence on cortical function and evidence is not wanting that some psychotic conditions are associated with hypothalmic disturbance. It may well be that many forms of mental disorder are conditioned by a lesion of the hypothalamus. This close anatomical and physiological relationship between this area of the brain and the pituitary we think, therefore, cannot be over-emphasized. Dr. Max Reiss was asked by the Research Bureau to present a review of our present knowledge of the anterior pituitary, on which he is a recognized authority.]

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Neuro-Osteology

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine ◽

10.1177/10454411980090020501 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 224-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

I. Kjær

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Developmental Disorders ◽

Sella Turcica ◽

Axial Skeleton ◽

Abnormal Development ◽

Craniofacial Skeleton ◽

The Central Nervous System

Neuro-osteology stresses the biological connection during development between nerve and hard tissues. It is a perspective that has developed since associations were first described between pre-natal peripheral nerve tissue and initial osseous bone formation in the craniofacial skeleton (Kjær, 1990a). In this review, the normal connection between the central nervous system and the axial skeleton and between the peripheral nervous system and jaw formation are first discussed. The early central nervous system (the neural tube) and the axial skeleton from the lumbosacral region to the sella turcica forms a unit, since both types of tissue are developmentally dependent upon the notochord. In different neurological disorders, the axial skeleton, including the pituitary gland, is malformed in different ways along the original course of the notochord. Anterior to the pituitary gland/sella turcica region, the craniofacial skeleton develops from prechordal cartilage, invading mesoderm and neural crest cells. Also, abnormal development in the craniofacial region, such as tooth agenesis, is analyzed neuro-osteologically. Results from pre-natal investigations provide information on the post-natal diagnosis of children with congenital developmental disorders in the central nervous system. Examples of these are myelomeningocele and holoprosencephaly. Three steps are important in clinical neuro-osteology: (1) clinical definition of the region of an osseous or dental malformation, (2) embryological determination of the origin of that region and recollection of which neurological structure has developed from the same region, and (3) clinical diagnosis of this neurological structure. If neurological malformation is the first symptom, step 2 results in the determination of the osseous region involved, which in step 3 is analyzed clinically. The relevance of future neuro-osteological diagnostics is emphasized.

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Comparison of the Effects of Convulsant and Depressant Barbiturate Stereoisomers on AMPA-type Glutamate Receptors

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-199906000-00028 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 1704-1713. ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Yoshinori Kamiya ◽

Tomio Andoh ◽

Ryosuke Furuya ◽

Satoshi Hattori ◽

Itaru Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Glutamate Receptors ◽

Ampa Receptor ◽

Ampa Receptors ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Induced Current ◽

Gaba A ◽

The Central Nervous System

Background Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Although barbiturates have been shown to suppress the AMPA receptor-mediated responses, it is unclear whether this effect contributes to the anesthetic action of barbiturates. The authors compared the effects of depressant [R(-)] and convulsant [S(+)] stereoisomers of 1-methyl-5-phenyl-5-propyl barbituric acid (MPPB) on the AMPA and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor-mediated currents to determine if the inhibitory effects on AMPA receptors correlate to the in vivo effects of the isomers. Method The authors measured whole-cell currents in the rat cultured cortical neuron at holding potential of -60 mV. Kainate 500 microM was applied as the agonist for AMPA receptors. Thiopental (3-300 microM), R(-)-MPPB or S(+)-MPPB (100-1,000 microM) was coapplied with kainate under the condition in which the GABA(A) receptor-mediated current was blocked. Effects of MPPB isomers on the current elicited by GABA 1 microM were studied in the separate experiments. Results Thiopental inhibited the kainate-induced current reversibly and in a dose-dependent manner, with a concentration for 50% inhibition of 49.3 microM. Both R(-)-MPPB and S(+)-MPPB inhibited the kainate-induced current with a little stereoselectivity. R(-)-MPPB was slightly but significantly more potent than S(+)-MPPB. In contrast, R(-)-MPPB enhanced but S(+)-MPPB reduced the GABA-induced current. Conclusions Both convulsant and depressant stereoisomers of the barbiturate inhibited the AMPA receptor-mediated current despite of their opposite effects on the central nervous system in vivo. Although thiopental exhibited a considerable inhibition of AMPA receptors, the results suggest that the inhibition of AMPA receptors contributes little to the hypnotic action of the barbiturates.

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