scholarly journals The nesting ecology and postembryonic development of the Baikal white wagtail Motacilla alba baicalensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Tsydypzhap Zayatuevich Dorzhiev ◽  
Ariyana Tomur-oolovna Saaya
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Nesting Ecology ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitats ◽  
Motacilla Alba ◽  
Eurasian Species ◽  
Timing Of Arrival

The goal of the paper is to identify the features of the breeding ecology of the Motacilla alba baicalensis in the Baikal region and Transbaikalia. The nesting ecology study deliverable of the Motacilla alba baicalensis in the Baikal region and Transbaikalia showed that this subspecies, unlike other forms, is more synanthropic, more than 95% of populations live in localities and other anthropogenic habitats, and only 23% of populations inhabit natural biotopes. At the same time, the Motacilla alba baicalensis in the region prefers small rural settlements and livestock camps in open landscapes near reservoirs. When the Motacilla alba baicalensis builds nests, like other subspecies, it is quite plastic and easily finds shelter in various anthropogenic and natural biotopes. The higher nesting efficiency of this subspecies indicates its wide opportunities to develop anthropogenic landscapes. Due to the short favorable nesting period, most pairs manage to hatch chicks once, but only a small number of pairs manage to raise chicks twice a season. A comparison of the nesting ecology of the Motacilla alba baicalensis with other forms of the Northern Eurasian species did not reveal any fundamental differences. The differences relate to the phenology of different stages of the breeding season, as well as the timing of arrival and departure of birds.

scholarly journals The nesting ecology and postembryonic development of the Columba rupestris in Tuva and Buryatia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Tsydypzhap Z. Dorzhiev ◽  
Ariyana Tomur-oolovna Saaya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Nesting Ecology ◽  
Private Households

A material on the nesting ecology of Columba rupestris was collected in southern Siberia on the territory of Tuva and Buryatia. The Columba rupestris lives sedentary in various types of localities and a small proportion in the natural rocks of open spaces. The number of this species has now decreased by 35 times compared to the 7090-es of the 20th century. It is due to the deterioration of the food supply as a result of the elimination and reduction of arable land near settlements, the reduction of livestock in private households, changes in the architecture and construction material of buildings, first of all, the replacement of slate roofs with metal profiles. The most preferred localities are medium and small rural settlements located in forest-steppe and steppe landscapes. The deterioration of habitat conditions affected the structure of nesting settlements, and colonies became small (no more than 3050 birds compared to 100200 individuals at the end of the 20th century). Breeding periods in localities are stretched from late February to mid-October, but the majority of populations breed from the 20th of March to the end of July. Birds manage to hatch their сhicks 24 times, 2,4 times on average. There are 2 eggs in a clutch, incubation lasts 17 days, and the сhicks leave the nest at 26 days of age. The paper presents features of growth and development of chicks. Nesting efficiency (ratio of the number of chicks that have reached sexual maturity to the total number of eggs laid) equals to 27%. It is noted that currently interspecific hybridization of Columba rupestris and Columba livia, which was observed relatively often in the second half of the 20th century, has almost stopped due to a decrease in the number of both species, which led to greater spatial differentiation.

scholarly journals Flood Tides Affect Breeding Ecology of Two Sympatric Sharp-Tailed Sparrows

The Auk ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gregory Shriver ◽  
Peter D. Vickery ◽  
Thomas P. Hodgman ◽  
James P. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Lunar Cycle ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Tidal Wetlands ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Nesting Ecology ◽  
Breeding Synchrony ◽  
Coastal Salt Marshes ◽  
Young Breeding

AbstractBreeding synchrony with the lunar cycle has been reported for many marine organisms but is essentially unknown for birds. Most organisms shown to breed synchronously with the lunar cycle provide no parental care to young, and such explosive breeding assemblages are usually promiscuous. Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows (Ammodramus caudacutus caudacutus) nest exclusively on salt marshes and are subjected to predictable, catastrophic flooding caused during flood tides every 28 days. Here, we show that Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow males were nonterritorial and promiscuous and provided no parental care to young. Breeding behaviors of both sexes were synchronized with the lunar cycle. By contrast, males of a sympatric sister species, Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow (A. nelsoni subvirgatus), consistently mate-guarded females, and breeding was not synchronized with the lunar cycle, yielding 21% lower reproductive success compared with Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows. Saltmarsh and Nelson's sharp-tailed sparrows renested 2.9 ± 0.6 (SE) days and 10.3 ± 1.7 days after nest flooding, respectively. Patterns of vicariance between Nelson's and Saltmarsh sharp-tailed sparrows may explain the differences in social behavior and nesting ecology. Ancestral sharp-tailed sparrows diverged from Seaside Sparrows (A. maritimus) in tidal wetlands, and Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrows then diverged from Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows in nontidal freshwater wetlands of interior North America. Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrows' range recently expanded into coastal salt marshes, where Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows are better adapted to tidally influenced inundations. Adaptation to tidal flooding partially explains the evolution of the unique Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow mating system.Las Inundaciones Mareales Afectan la Ecología Reproductiva de Dos Especies Simpátricas de Ammodramus

scholarly journals Epiphytic lichens of some anthropogenic habitats of the countryside (Zubtsov area, Tver region)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-480
Author(s):  
Tatyana Tolpysheva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitats ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Tver Region ◽  
Speckled Alder ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Species composition and ecology of the epiphytic lichens collected on 31 species of the trees and shrubs at the rural settlements and their surrounding area were studied. In total 71 lichens species including 25 species on the fruit and berry crops were found. On many trees, even in forests the variety of species of lichens is strongly depleted. This is especially true for rural settlements, razing places, keeping and running cattle. Bryoria and Usnea species at the rural settlements and their surrounding area were not found. It was shown that G. scripta is a pioneer species on the speckled alder under the conditions of relatively strong shading and humidity.

Neuron-glia relationship during the early postembryonic development of the nervous system in some oligochaetes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
Wiktor Djaczenko ◽  
Carmen Calenda Cimmino
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

The simplicity of the developing nervous system of oligochaetes makes of it an excellent model for the study of the relationships between glia and neurons. In the present communication we describe the relationships between glia and neurons in the early periods of post-embryonic development in some species of oligochaetes.Tubifex tubifex (Mull. ) and Octolasium complanatum (Dugès) specimens starting from 0. 3 mm of body length were collected from laboratory cultures divided into three groups each group fixed separately by one of the following methods: (a) 4% glutaraldehyde and 1% acrolein fixation followed by osmium tetroxide, (b) TAPO technique, (c) ruthenium red method.Our observations concern the early period of the postembryonic development of the nervous system in oligochaetes. During this period neurons occupy fixed positions in the body the only observable change being the increase in volume of their perikaryons. Perikaryons of glial cells were located at some distance from neurons. Long cytoplasmic processes of glial cells tended to approach the neurons. The superimposed contours of glial cell processes designed from electron micrographs, taken at the same magnification, typical for five successive growth stages of the nervous system of Octolasium complanatum are shown in Fig. 1. Neuron is designed symbolically to facilitate the understanding of the kinetics of the growth process.

The Elachistidae of southern Siberia and Central Asia, with descriptions of five new species (Lepidoptera)¹

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Kaila
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Southern Siberia

The Elachistidae material collected during the joint Soviet-Finnish entomological expeditions to the Altai mountains, Baikal region and Tianshan mountains of the previous USSR is listed. Previous literature dealing with the Elachistidae in Central Asia is reviewed. A total of 40 species are dealt with, including descriptions of five new species: Stephensia jalmarella sp. n. (Altai), Elachista baikalica sp. n. (Baikal), E. talgarella sp. n. (southern Kazakhstan), E. esmeralda sp. n. (southern Kazakhstan) and E. filicornella sp. n. (southern Kazakhstan). The previously unknown females of E. bimaculata Parenti, 1981 and Biselachista zonulae Sruoga, 1992 are described.

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