Reply to “Comment on ‘Statistical Analyses of Great Earthquake Recurrence along the Cascadia Subduction Zone’ by Ram Kulkarni, Ivan Wong, Judith Zachariasen, Chris Goldfinger, and Martin Lawrence” by Allan Goddard Lindh

Fire hearths associated with prehistoric Native American occupation lie within the youngest buried lowland soil of the estuaries along the Salmon and Nehalem rivers on the northern Oregon coast. This buried soil is the result of sudden subsidence induced by a great earthquake about 300 years ago along the Cascadia subduction zone, which extends offshore along the North Pacific Coast from Vancouver Island to northern California. The earthquake 300 years ago was the latest in a series of subsidence events along the Cascadia subduction zone over the last several thousand years. Over the long term, subsidence and burial of prehistoric settlements as a result of Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes have almost certainly been an important factor contributing to the limited time depth of the archaeological record along this section of the North Pacific Coast.

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Variability of Near-Term Probability for the Next Great Earthquake on the Cascadia Subduction Zone

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ◽

10.1785/012004032 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 1954-1959 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

S. Mazzotti

Keyword(s):

Subduction Zone ◽

Cascadia Subduction Zone ◽

Great Earthquake ◽

Near Term

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RETRODICTING CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE GREAT EARTHQUAKE SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS FROM TSUNAMI INUNDATION ALONG THE OREGON COAST

10.1130/abs/2017am-306455 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Meigs ◽

◽

Eric Kirby ◽

H. Benjamin Mason ◽

Greg Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subduction Zone ◽

Earthquake Source ◽

Cascadia Subduction Zone ◽

Great Earthquake ◽

Oregon Coast ◽

Tsunami Inundation ◽

Source Characteristics

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Evidence for a Large Earthquake and Tsunami 100-400 Years Ago on Western Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1006/qres.1994.1019 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 176-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

John J. Clague ◽

Peter T. Bobrowsky

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Subduction Zone ◽

Vascular Plant ◽

Plate Boundary ◽

Vancouver Island ◽

Tidal Marshes ◽

Cascadia Subduction Zone ◽

Great Earthquake ◽

Marsh Soil ◽

Sand Sheet

AbstractA peaty marsh soil is sharply overlain by a sand sheet and intertidal mud at tidal marshes near Tofino and Ucluelet, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Foraminifera and vascular plant fossils show that the buried soil was submerged suddenly and was covered quickly by sand. Radiocarbon ages place this event between 100 and 400 yr ago. The coastal subsidence suggested by the submergence occurred in an area of net late Holocene emergence, perhaps during the most recent great earthquake on the northern part of the Cascadia subduction zone. The sand sheet overlying the peaty soil records the tsunami triggered by this earthquake. Similar stratigraphic sequences of about the same age have been reported from estuaries along the outer coasts of Washington and northern Oregon, suggesting that hundreds of kilometers of the Cascadia subduction zone may have ruptured during one, or a series of plate-boundary earthquakes less than 400 yr ago.

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