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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Wallis ◽  
Hauke Schmidt ◽  
Christian von Savigny
Keyword(s):  

<p><span lang="de-DE">Der Ausbruch des Pinatubos im Jahr 1991 liefert Hinweise darauf, dass eine starke Vulkaneruption eine Störung der Atmosphäre bis in die Region der Mesosphäre verursachen kann. So wurde mit bodengestützten Lidar-Temperaturmessungen über Fort Collins [1] eine Erwärmung der Mesopausenregion von über 12 K beobachtet und auf den vorausgegangenen Pinatuboausbruch zurückgeführt. Die zu Grunde liegenden Mechanismen sind weitgehend unverstanden. Aus diesem Grund </span><span lang="de-DE">nutzen wir</span><span lang="de-DE"> das allgemeine Zirkulationsmodell UA-ICON, um einen tropischen Vulkanausbruch zu simulieren bei dem 20 Tg S in die untere Stratosphäre eingetragen werden – dies entspricht etwa der doppelten Schwefelmenge, die während des Pinatuboausbruchs im Jahr 1991 freigesetzt wurde. Das Experiment besteht aus 10 Ensemblemitgliedern, die jeweils einen Zeitraum von 27 Monaten nach der Eruption simulieren. Es deutet auf einen starken Einfluss der Eruption auf die Sommerhemisphäre hin, bei dem eine Erwärmung um mehr als 10 K der unteren polaren Sommermesopausenregion etwa ein halbes Jahr nach der Eruption simuliert wird. Dies scheint auf eine direkte dynamisch getriebene intra-hemisphärische Kopplung zwischen den Tropen und der polaren Sommerhemisphäre hinzudeuten. Dabei ermöglicht diese Simulation es, die intra-hemisphärische Kopplung mit der Sommerhemisphäre separat zu betrachten und eine inter-hemisphärische Kopplung (in Form eines sich verändernden Polarwirbels in der Nordhalbkugel) zu unterdrücken. Eine separate Simulation mit einer zusätzlichen inter-hemisphärische Kopplung wurde ebenfalls durchgeführt. Hierzu wurden Schwerewellenparameter variiert, um eine Verstärkung des nördlichen Polarwirbels zu simulieren, damit einen inter-hemisphärischen Kopplungsweg zu ermöglichen und den Einfluss dieser beiden wichtigen Kopplungsmechanismen getrennt zu betrachten.</span></p> <p lang="de-DE"> </p> <p>[1] She et al. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(4):497-500, 1998.</p>


Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Biology Open, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Jillian Josimovich is first author on ‘ Clutch may predict growth of hatchling Burmese pythons better than food availability or sex’, published in BiO. Jillian is a biologist in the lab of Dr Andrea Currylow at Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, South Florida Field Station in Everglades National Park, USA, investigating applied research that can inform management efforts for imperiled species and ecosystems, with a particular focus on herpetological ecology and conservation.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda Miller ◽  
Cassandra A. Pena ◽  
Chris Kerth ◽  
Paige Smith ◽  
Kayley R. Wall ◽  
...  

Beef flavor has been identified as a driver of consumer acceptability; however,  little is known about variability of flavor in major retail beef cuts. Four beef cuts (chuck roast = 50, top sirloin steaks = 49, top loin steaks =50, and 80/20 ground beef = 50) were obtained from retail stores in Miami, Los Angeles, Portland, New York, and Denver during a two-month period in 2018. Beef present in the retail beef cases were purchased to be representative of consumer selections.  Production systems or package claims were documented.  Chuck roasts were oven roasted and top loin, top sirloin and ground beef (made into patties) were grilled to an internal temperature of 71˚C. An expert, trained flavor and texture descriptive attribute sensory panel evaluated beef flavors, aromas and textures and consumer sensory panels in Fort Collins CO and Lubbock TX evaluated beef for overall, overall flavor, beef flavor, grilled flavor, juiciness and texture liking.  Ground beef was more intense (P <0.0001) in brown, fat-like, green hay, and sour milk/sour dairy flavor aromatics; and salty and sweet basic taste than steak cuts. Additionally, ground beef patties had the lowest levels (P<0.0001) of bloody/serumy, metallic, and liver-like flavor aromatics. Chuck roasts had the lowest levels of (P<0.0001) beef flavor identity, brown, and roasted flavor aromatics, and salt and umami basic tastes. Sirloin steaks were lowest (P<0.0001) in fat-like flavor aromatics and most intense (P<0.0001) in burnt and cardboardy flavor aromatics; and bitter and sour basic tastes. Sirloin steaks and chuck roasts were more intense in metallic and liver-like (P<0.0001) flavor aromatics. Ground beef patties had a higher incidence of green hay-like.  Consumers rated chuck roasts lowest for overall, overall flavor, grilled flavor and juiciness liking (P<0.04).  Ground beef pattes and top loin steaks had the highest consumer texture liking (P<0.0002). Therefore, variation in beef flavor attributes were identified in retail beef cuts and ground beef.  Beef descriptive flavor and texture attributes were related to consumer liking and negative flavor aromatic attributes were identified.


2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 4986-4989
Author(s):  
Gregg Fleming ◽  
Karen Trevino ◽  
Robert D. Hellweg

After reviewing the 2010 National Academy of Engineering (NAE) report "Technology for a Quieter America", the National Park Service (NPS) asked the NAE to undertake a consensus study on the importance of quiet to both visitors and wildlife in its hundreds of properties. The aim of the workshop was to provide best practices to assist NPS park managers, contractors, and concessionaires in protecting park soundscapes. The workshop was hosted by the NPS in Fort Collins, Colorado in October 2012 and was attended by twenty-four participants including park personnel and noise control specialists from government, academia, industry and consulting firms. The NAE report published in cooperation with the NPS and the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center identified seventeen cost-effective actions for reducing noise in our national parks. This paper describes and summarizes the issues raised at the workshop and those recommendations.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Nelson ◽  
Bailey Fosdick ◽  
Laurie M. Biela ◽  
Hayden Schoenberg ◽  
Sarah Mast ◽  
...  

AbstractImportanceDetailed analysis of infection rates paired with behavioral and employee reported risk factors are vital to understanding how COVID-19 transmission may be inflamed or mitigated in the workplace. Institutes of Higher Education are heterogeneous work units that supported continued in person employment during COVID-19, providing an excellent test site for occupational health evaluation.ObjectiveTo evaluate self-reported behaviors and SARS-CoV-2 among essential in-person employees during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCross-sectional, conducted from July 13-September 2, 2020.SettingInstitute of Higher Education in Fort Collins, Colorado.ParticipantsEmployees identified to be an essential in-person employee during the first six months of the pandemic (1,522 invited, 1,507 qualified, 603 (40%) completed the survey). Of those completing the survey, 84.2% (508) elected to participate in blood and nasal swab sample collection to assess active SARS-CoV-2 infection via qRT-PCR, and past infection by serology (overall completion rate of 33.7%). Eligibility included > 18 years old, able to read and understand English, not currently experiencing cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fever >100.4F (38C), chills/shaking with chills, muscle pain, new or worsening headaches, sore throat or new loss of sense of taste/smell.ExposureSelf-reported COVID-19 protective behaviorsMain Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Current SARS-CoV-2 infection detected by qRT-PCR or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection detected by IgG SARS-CoV-2 testing platform.ResultsThere were no qRT-PCR positive tests, and only 2 (0.39%) contained seroreactive IgG antibodies. Participants were 60% female, 90% non-Hispanic white, mean age 41 years (18-70 years). Handwashing and mask wearing were reported frequently both at work (98% and 94% respectively) and outside work (91% and 95% respectively) while social distancing was reported less frequently at work (79%) then outside of work (92%) [p < .001]. Participants were more highly motivated to avoid exposures out of concern for spreading to others (83%) than for personal implications (63%) [p < .001].Conclusions and RelevanceThis is one of the first reports to document that complex work environments can be operated safely during the COVID-19 pandemic when employees report compliance with public health practices both at and outside work.


Author(s):  
Richard B. Collins ◽  
Dale A. Oesterle ◽  
Lawrence Friedman

This chapter explores Article VIII of the Colorado Constitution, on state institutions. Section 1 requires that the general assembly establish and support educational, reformatory, and penal institutions, and empowers it to establish other institutions for the “public good.” The general assembly has liberally used this power to create community colleges, universities, and state colleges. Sections 2 and 3 establish Denver as the state capital unless changed at a general election by a two-thirds vote of the people. Original Section 5 created, as institutions of the new state, the University at Boulder, the Agricultural College at Fort Collins, the School of Mines at Golden, and the school for the deaf at Colorado Springs, and gave them substantial autonomy. A 1970 amendment broadened coverage to all higher education institutions and gave the General Assembly control over them so long as its intent is clearly expressed.


Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Staisch ◽  
Maureen Walton ◽  
Rob Witter

USGS Powell Center Cascadia Earthquake Hazards Working Group; Fort Collins, Colorado, 25–29 March 2019


Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Lambert ◽  
Timothy Titus ◽  
Andrea Ostroff

USGS Southwest Region 2018 Science Exchange Workshop: Drought Science; Fort Collins, Colorado, 25–27 September 2018


Indoor Air ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Koehler ◽  
Nicholas Good ◽  
Ander Wilson ◽  
Anna Mölter ◽  
Brianna F. Moore ◽  
...  

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