Attenuation relations for strong seismic ground motion in Canada

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1943-1962
Author(s):  
H. S. Hasegawa ◽  
P. W. Basham ◽  
M. J. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Peak Acceleration ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Attenuation Relations ◽  
Seismic Ground Motion ◽  
Hypocentral Distance

Abstract Strong seismic ground motion attenuation relations based primarily on Western United States data, in conjunction with intensity data from eastern and western Canada, are employed to derive new attenuation relations for horizontal strong seismic ground motion for application throughout Canada. The following peak acceleration (ap) and peak velocity (vp) relations are proposed for use in western Canada a p ( cm sec − 2 ) = 10 e 1.3 M R − 1.5 v p ( cm sec − 1 ) = 0.00040 e 2.3 M R − 1.3 where M is magnitude and R hypocentral distance (km). The difference in the distance attenuation of Modified Mercalli intensity in eastern and western Canada, and an assumption of equivalent strong motion in the near field in the two regions, is applied to the western relations to derive the following relations proposed for use in eastern Canada a p ( cm sec − 2 ) = 3.4 e 1.3 M R − 1.1 v p ( cm sec − 1 ) = 0.00018 e 2.3 M R − 1.0 . The proposed relations are in reasonable agreement with the small amount of strong motion data available for western and eastern Canada. Within the accuracy justified by very scattered experimental data, peak vertical and sustained horizontal acceleration and velocity can be estimated as 23 of the peak horizontal values. The magnitude and distance dependence of acceleration and velocity parameters are sufficiently different that the relative levels of ground motion bounds in different frequency ranges will depend on the dominant magnitudes of, and distance ranges to, the earthquakes contributing risk in various regions of Canada. The results indicate the importance of mapping risk for parameters in addition to simple peak acceleration, and suggest alternative methods of deriving ground motion bounds required for the development of design response spectra.

Directivity Effect in the Peak Ground Acceleration Fields and Attenuation Relations - A Case Study of the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 2554-2557
Author(s):  
Jin Jun Hu ◽  
Li Li Xie ◽  
Yong Qiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Time History ◽  
Rupture Directivity ◽  
Peak Acceleration ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Attenuation Relations ◽  
Directivity Effect ◽  
Ground Motion Attenuation

We study the characteristics of ground motion fields and peak ground motion attenuation relations during the 2008 Ms 8.0 great Wenchuan earthquake by using 198 sets of three-component acceleration time history recordings. To provide a comparable result to other earthquakes, we first rotated the east-west (EW) and north-south (NS) orientated ground motion to fault strike normal (FN) and fault strike parallel (FP) directions. Through comparison of the near-field peak acceleration fields and peak acceleration attenuation relations, there obviously exists a rupture directivity effect in the peak ground accelerations. The amplitude in the rupture propagation direction is higher than that of the opposite direction. And the closer the station to the fault plane, the smaller the difference of ground motion amplitude between the two opposite directions.

The High-Frequency Decay Slope of Spectra (Kappa) for M≥3.5 Earthquakes on Rock Sites in Eastern and Western Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Palmer ◽  
Gail M. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Motion Modeling ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Anelastic Attenuation ◽  
Two Parameters

ABSTRACT Spectral decay of ground-motion amplitudes at high frequencies is primarily influenced by two parameters: site-related kappa (κ0) and regional Q (quality factor, inversely proportional to anelastic attenuation). We examine kappa and apparent Q-values (Qa) for M≥3.5 earthquakes recorded at seismograph stations on rock sites in eastern and western Canada. Our database contains 20 earthquakes recorded on nine stations in eastern Canada and 404 earthquakes recorded on eight stations in western Canada, resulting in 105 and 865 Fourier amplitude spectra, respectively. We apply two different methods: (1) a modified version of the classical S-wave acceleration method; and (2) a new stacking method that is consistent with the use of kappa in ground-motion modeling. The results are robust with respect to the method used and also with respect to the frequency band selected, which ranges from 9 to 38 Hz depending on the region, event, and method. Kappa values obtained from the classical method are consistent with those of the stacked method, but the stacked method provides a lower uncertainty. A general observation is that kappa is usually larger, and apparent Q is smaller, for the horizontal component in comparison to the vertical component. We determine an average regional κ0=7  ms (horizontal) and 0 ms (vertical) for rock sites in eastern Canada; we obtain κ0=19  ms (horizontal) and 14 ms (vertical) for rock sites in western Canada. We note that kappa measurements are quite sensitive to details of data selection criteria and methodology, and may be significantly influenced by site effects, resulting in large site-to-site variability.

Near-Field Ground Motion of the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake Recorded at Pump Station 10

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Ellsworth ◽  
M. Celebi ◽  
J. R. Evans ◽  
E. G. Jensen ◽  
R. Kayen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Peak Acceleration ◽  
Permanent Displacement ◽  
Soil Response ◽  
Denali Fault ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Pump Station

A free-field recording of the Denali fault earthquake was obtained by the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company 3 km from the surface rupture of the Denali fault. The instrument, part of the monitoring and control system for the trans-Alaska pipeline, was located at Pump Station 10, approximately 85 km east of the epicenter. After correction for the measured instrument response, we recover a seismogram that includes a permanent displacement of 3.0 m. The recorded ground motion has relatively low peak acceleration (0.36 g) and very high peak velocity (180 cm/s). Nonlinear soil response may have reduced the peak acceleration to this 0.36 g value. Accelerations in excess of 0.1 g lasted for 10 s, with the most intense motion occurring during a 1.5-s interval when the rupture passed the site. The low acceleration and high velocity observed near the fault in this earthquake agree with observations from other recent large-magnitude earthquakes.

Engineering observations on ground motion at the Van Norman Complex after the 1994 Northridge earthquake

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (1B) ◽  
pp. S333-S349 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bardet ◽  
C. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Peak Acceleration ◽  
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering ◽  
1994 Northridge Earthquake

Abstract During the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the Van Norman Complex yielded an unprecedented number of recordings with high acceleration, in the close proximity of the fault rupture. These strong-motion recordings exhibited the pulses of the main event. One station recorded the largest velocity ever instrumentally recorded (177 cm/sec), resulting from a 0.86 g peak acceleration with a low frequency. Throughout the complex, the horizontal accelerations reached peak values ranging from 0.56 to 1.0 g, except for the complex center, where the peak acceleration did not exceed 0.43 g. The vertical acceleration reached maximum peak values comparable with those of the horizontal acceleration. The acceleration response spectra in the longitudinal and transverse directions were significantly different. Such a difference, which is not yet well documented in the field of geotechnical earthquake engineering, indicates that the amplitude and frequency content of the ground motion was directionally dependent in the Van Norman Complex.

Attenuation relations for strong seismic ground motion in the Himalayan region

1996 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Singh ◽  
Ashutosh Aman ◽  
Y. J. J. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Attenuation Relations ◽  
Seismic Ground Motion

New attenuation relations for peak and expected accelerations of strong ground motion

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (6A) ◽  
pp. 2307-2322
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Bolt ◽  
N. A. Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Peak Acceleration ◽  
Attenuation Relations ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Strong Ground

abstract Two proposals are presented on the estimation of maximum accelerations of strong ground motion near the causative fault. First, the crucial selection of the form fitted to observed accelerations as a function of distance from the source is discussed. In particular, evidence is given that the attenuation form adopted by Joyner et al. (1981) constrains the attenuation parameters so that inferences on near-fault motion and magnitude dependence are questionable. An alternative attenuation form is proposed which decouples far-field variations from near-field variations. Nonlinear least-squares regression to the same data set confirms the flattening of attenuation curves near to the source (<10 km) in the magnitude range 5.0 < M < 7.0 and shows no indication (from the small amount of data available) of any additional increase in acceleration for M > 7 earthquakes. For 6.0 ≦ M ≦ 7.7, the regression yields y = 1.6 { ( x + 8.5 ) 2 + 1 } − 0.19 exp { − 0.026 ( x + 8.5 ) } where y is the peak horizontal acceleration in g, and x (km) is the closest distance to the surface projection of the rupture. Second, a robust and easily computed parameter is defined for significant peak acceleration that meets many engineering requirements. This “effective” peak acceleration is obtained by developing histograms for the number of peaks and troughs on the observed record and by choosing the acceleration value at about the 90 percentile level. This truncation excludes scattered outliers of high-amplitude peaks not representative of the general distribution of the ground motion amplitudes. Corresponding values for “effective peak acceleration” are tabulated for part of the basic data set, and it is demonstrated that the scatter about the attenuation regression line is reduced using the proposed parameter.

Estimation of attenuation relations for strong-motion data allowing for individual earthquake magnitude uncertainties

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1674-1678
Author(s):  
David A. Rhoades
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Attenuation Relations ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Magnitude Determination ◽  
Strong Ground

Abstract Standard errors of earthquake magnitudes are routinely calculated and vary appreciably between earthquakes. However, the uncertainties of magnitude determination are usually ignored in regression models of strong ground motion as a function of magnitude and distance from the earthquake source. This practice has the potential to bias estimates of strong ground motion. A method is given for taking account of the uncertainty of each magnitude determination in fitting such models. It extends previous methods in which the error variance is partitioned into between-earthquake and within-earthquake components. It allows for further decomposition of the between-earthquake component into a part attributable to magnitude uncertainties and a part attributable to other causes. The method has been applied to the well-known attenuation data of Joyner and Boore (1981). The Mw determinations in this dataset fall into two subsets with distinctly different levels of precision, namely, those determined directly and those inferred from values of ML. It is shown that most of the between-earthquake component of variance can be attributed to the relatively low precision of the magnitudes in the latter subset.

The Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985—Effect of Magnitude on the Character of Strong Ground Motion: An Example from the Guerrero, Mexico Strong Motion Network

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Anderson ◽  
R. Quaas
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Earthquake Source ◽  
Hypocentral Distance ◽  
Source Theory ◽  
Mexico Earthquake ◽  
Strong Motion Network ◽  
Strong Ground

The Guerrero digital accelerograph network has been operating, since spring of 1985, on rock sites along the coast of Mexico, above an active subduction zone. The accelerograms collected through June 1987 include examples from events with magnitudes from 3 to 8, all recorded at nearly the same hypocentral distance. Spectra from these accelerograms scale in a manner that is qualitatively consistent with earthquake source theory. Based on four selected events, peak accelerations attenuate more rapidly for small events than for large events.

scholarly journals New Ground Motion to Intensity Conversion Equations for China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Xiufeng Tian ◽  
Zengping Wen ◽  
Weidong Zhang ◽  
Jie Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Correction Term ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Hypocentral Distance ◽  
Peak Ground Motion ◽  
Pseudo Spectral

In this study, we use the strong motion records and seismic intensity data from 11 moderate-to-strong earthquakes in the mainland of China since 2008 to develop new conversion equations between seismic intensity and peak ground motion parameters. Based on the analysis of the distribution of the dataset, the reversible conversion relationships between modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) and peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) at natural vibration periods of 0.3 s, 1.0 s, 2.0 s, and 3.0 s are obtained by using the orthogonal regression. The influence of moment magnitude, hypocentral distance, and hypocentral depth on the residuals of conversion equations is also explored. To account for and eliminate the trends in the residuals, we introduce a magnitude-distance-depth correction term and obtain the improved relationships. Furthermore, we compare the results of this study with previously published works and analyze the regional dependence of conversion equations. To quantify the regional variations, a regional correction factor for China, suitable for adjustment of global relationships, has also been estimated.

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