Tax structure in Asia-Pacific, ASEAN (7) and Pacific Island economies in 2019

Author(s):  
Frank J. Quimby

Located about 1500 miles northeast of the Philippines and 1500 miles southwest of Japan, the Mariana Islands lie astride the north equatorial trade-wind that crosses from the Americas to East Asia. It’s the Islands’ location that led to contact between the Spanish and the indigenous Chamorro people in 1521. Their initial contact was followed by more than a century of intermittent trade and cultural interaction, culminating in a Jesuit-inspired colonization by the late seventeenth century. As a result of their homeland’s geostrategic location, the Chamorros became the first Pacific Island people to experience sustained Western contact, especially Christian conversion and European colonization. The Spanish-Chamorro interaction during this continuum offers a unique example of early modern colonialism in the Asia-Pacific region, since it reflects the cross-cultural encounter of imperial objectives and indigenous agency that generated an ethnogenesis and recreated the Chamorro society, culture, and identity.


Subject The prospects for Australian foreign policy in the next 18 months. Significance Australia sits among a number of international circles: it has been a partner in global alliances operating in Afghanistan and Iraq; a junior partner within the US-led Asia-Pacific security community; and a lead nation among South-east Asia and Pacific island security issues. Australia's conservative Coalition government, led by vulnerable Prime Minister Tony Abbott, has prioritised domestic issues thus far in its term, but may increasingly turn abroad as it anticipates a difficult election in late 2016. Impacts Threats against Australia from ISG will not deter participation in campaigns in Iraq. Closer economic ties with India will be pursued as a way to balance the slowdown in the Chinese economy. Foreign investment in the Australian housing market may attract government attention.


Author(s):  
Ann Cheryl Armstrong ◽  
Derrick Armstrong

The Pacific island countries occupy over 1000 islands in the world’s largest ocean. Their histories and traditions have created bonds between nations that run deep in the cultures of the region. Yet, across this vast ocean, the cultures of the region also differ significantly. The introduction of Western forms of education have often ignored these cultures. Currently, “inclusive education” programs are being promoted in the region, particularly by outside agencies and funding bodies. The disability-inclusion model that underpins many of these initiatives comes from outside the region, and attempts to engage with the cultures of the region in promoting these initiatives have tended to be very limited. Often the initiatives promote an agenda that draws its direction and purpose from the donor countries rather than those of aid-recipient countries. Interaction between cultures over different perspectives and priorities is very healthy but the process of implementation can also easily be detached from the experience and worldviews of the recipients of these programs. Engaging with cultures and the social experience of the citizens of the island countries of the Pacific should be the starting point for the development of educational policy and practice so that the disempowerment of external imposition is avoided. In this chapter we argue that the inclusive education narrative of the Pacific island countries is often subsumed by, and therefore becomes ‘lost’ within, the broader context of the Asia-Pacific which is much larger and includes the world’s most populous countries. We conclude by advocating that research needs to be conducted on issues and cultures in the Pacific region that can contribute to the development of more meaningful and contextual approaches to inclusive education.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott T. Nishioka ◽  
Miles M. Sato ◽  
Linda L. Wong ◽  
Maarit Tiirikainen ◽  
Sandi A. Kwee

Subject Foreign interventions and influence in the Asia-Pacific. Significance Acting US Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for South-east Asia Patrick Murphy warned last month that “heavy-handed” tactics by China to prise Pacific island nations from Taiwan’s diplomatic embrace may destabilise the region. Impacts Increasing economic and security pressures will put severe strains on social and political systems. Unregulated migration will cause economic dislocation and sow discord in tribal communities. Australia and New Zealand will increase their engagement with the region, particularly at a security level.


2016 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Erickson ◽  
Joel Wuthnow

AbstractUS government reports describe Chinese-conceived “island chains” in the Western Pacific as narrow demarcations for Chinese “counter-intervention” operations to defeat US and allied forces in altercations over contested territorial claims. The sparse scholarship available does little to contest this excessively myopic assertion. Yet, further examination reveals meaningful differences that can greatly enhance an understanding of Chinese views of the “island chains” concept, and with it important aspects of China's efforts to develop as a maritime power. Long before China had a navy or naval strategists worthy of the name, the concept had originated and been developed for decades by previous great powers vying for Asia-Pacific influence. Today, China's own authoritative interpretations are flexible, nuanced and multifaceted – befitting the multiple and sometimes contradictory factors with which Beijing must contend in managing its meteoric maritime rise. These include the growing importance of sea lane security at increasing distances and levels of operational intensity.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Scott T. Nishioka ◽  
Miles M. Sato ◽  
Linda L. Wong ◽  
Maarit Tiirikainen ◽  
Sandi A. Kwee

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