Hegemonic Decline, Globalisation and the United States' Strategic Pivot to Asia: Implications for Vietnam

<p>The international order has been much in change since the beginning of the 21st century with the domination of power of the United States and the rise of emerging nations pursuing the ambitions of gaining more prosperity or influence. However, the hegemonic power of the United States is on the way down and this gives space for many other actors to come onto the stage. These movements play the role as an impellent force for the United States to build up and implement the so-called Asia pivot, otherwise known as the rebalancing strategy in Asia Pacific. This paper will discuss the impetus of the pivot and what it has done for the United States. It will examine whether the hegemonic stability of the United States will lead to world order and stability and whether the strategy is welcomed by the majority of world players. The influence of the pivot on the security environment of the Asia Pacific region in general and in Vietnam in particular will also be considered in order to draw up a clear picture for Vietnam to plan foreign policy in the coming years.</p>

Hegemonic Decline, Globalisation and the United States' Strategic Pivot to Asia: Implications for Vietnam

<p>The international order has been much in change since the beginning of the 21st century with the domination of power of the United States and the rise of emerging nations pursuing the ambitions of gaining more prosperity or influence. However, the hegemonic power of the United States is on the way down and this gives space for many other actors to come onto the stage. These movements play the role as an impellent force for the United States to build up and implement the so-called Asia pivot, otherwise known as the rebalancing strategy in Asia Pacific. This paper will discuss the impetus of the pivot and what it has done for the United States. It will examine whether the hegemonic stability of the United States will lead to world order and stability and whether the strategy is welcomed by the majority of world players. The influence of the pivot on the security environment of the Asia Pacific region in general and in Vietnam in particular will also be considered in order to draw up a clear picture for Vietnam to plan foreign policy in the coming years.</p>

US public diplomacy in India: Obama’s legacy

The article discusses the main trends in US public diplomacy in India under Barack Obama. The Obama presidency was characterized by “Pivot to Asia”. India took one of the dominant positions in Obama’s Asian strategy. Furthermore, public diplomacy became the leading strategy tool. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of public diplomacy concepts. Two areas prevailed in public diplomacy in India – educational programs and the “women’s issue”. Washington also launched programs to increase literacy and access to technology.

Foreign policy priorities of the United States in Asia-Pacific: impact of the concepts “Pivot to Asia” and “America First”

This article analyzes the influence of the United States upon the political processes in APAC based on the example of territorial disputes in the South China Sea. An overview is given to the foreign policy concepts &ldquo;Pivot to Asia&rdquo; and &ldquo;America First&rdquo; proposed by the administrations of B. Obama and D. Trump respectively, the priorities outlined therein, as well as importance of the &nbsp;conflict in the South China Sea for the US foreign policy. The author examines the practical steps taken by Washington in relation to the South China Sea question, as well as concludes on the objectives of the United States and possible steps in this direction. Although the theme of territorial disputes in the South China Sea, including the degree of &nbsp;involvement of Washington into this issue, as well as other East Asian affairs, is quite popular in the scientific works, &nbsp;the novelty of this research consists in the innovative approach towards consideration of the conflict in the South China Sea not as a separate problem of international relations, but as the foreign policy instrument of superpower and regional powers (including the United States) used for formatting the East Asian regional subsystem of international relations and structuring the Greater East Asia macroregion to their benefit.

Donald Trump and European Allies: American Experts on the Future of NATO

The article analyzes the perception in the United States of the Trump administration‟s policy regarding NATO, the role of European countries, and the possibility of reforming the alliance. In the context of comparing this policy with the efforts of previous administrations, the authors study the attitudes of the most active political expert groups (liberals, realists, conservatives, and neoconservatives). It is concluded that the vast majority of the expert community considers it necessary to transform relations with the allies in the context of the ongoing bipartisan strategy of “pivot to Asia”, which implies an increase in European countries‟ defense spending with the EU being responsible for the security on the continent. All leading political expert groups agree that Trump‟s policy is generally consistent with this strategy, but its effectiveness is evaluated differently. It is assumed that the presidential victory of J. Biden will mean accelerating the implementation of the strategy of “pivot to Asia” and an autonomizaton of the defense potential of Europe.

THE US POLICY SHIFT FROM ‘PIVOT TO ASIA’ TO ‘FREE INDO PACIFIC’: IMPLICATIONS FOR PAKISTAN

Asia Pacific, which is extended Eastward to the states of Oceania, Westward to Pakistan, Southward to New Zealand, and Northward to Mongolia, is currently a pivot of the globe due to its economic growth. Since last two decades, it has got status of ‘growth center’ owing to its high economic growth rate. The United States (US) had been very active in Asia Pacific throughout the Cold War period, but in post-Cold War era, it was disengaged due to its pre-occupation in Middle East. However, the rise of China attracted US again with multiple arrangements at political, economic and social fronts. There are two world views about the US presence in Asia Pacific. The first one asserts that the Asia Pacific is more secure without the presence of US, while others takes the US presence as a patron for stability and solidarity within the region. The US policy of ‘Pivot to Asia’, ‘Asia Pacific’ commonly known as ‘Rebalancing’ ensured its new commitment of deep engagement in Southeast Asia. Policy shift under Trump administration from ‘Pivot to Asia’ to ‘Free Indo-Pacific’ has direct as well indirect implications for Pakistan. The study analyses the US strategies and polices under the theory of ‘Offensive Realism,’ where ‘rational powers uncertain of intentions and capable of military offensive strive to survive’. Analytical, descriptive approaches are adopted in order to analyse US ongoing strategies.