Women increasingly work in high-wage firms

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Wage

PRIVATIZATION TRANSFERS AND CREDIT MARKET FRICTIONS

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-384
Author(s):  
Rodney M. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Credit Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Market Frictions ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
High Wage ◽  
Multiple Steady State ◽  
Market Friction ◽  
Credit Market Frictions ◽  
Privatization Policy

This paper examines an economy in which output is produced by state-owned enterprises and private firms. Private-capital formation requires intermediation that is subject to a credit market friction. In this environment, I look at the effects of a privatization policy that transfers state-owned capital to the private sector. Multiple steady-state equilibria are possible. When these arise, the low-wage equilibrium features a relatively inefficient financial system and privatization transfers help to increase the aggregate capital stock by reducing the severity of the credit market frictions. On the other hand, privatization transfers may have adverse effects when the economy is at the high-wage equilibrium. Analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the model reveals that development trap phenomenon and endogenous fluctuations can be observed.

Modular Service-Oriented Cyber-Physical Systems for the European Tool Making Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 1349-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther Schuh ◽  
Stefan Rudolf ◽  
Martin Pitsch ◽  
Martin Sommer ◽  
Wilhelm Karmann
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Physical System ◽  
Industrial Product ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
High Wage ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Serial Production ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Service Oriented

Manufacturing companies in high-wage countries are facing rising challenges in a global market. Increasing customer demands for a higher degree of individualization result in smaller lot sizes and higher variety of products. In addition, competitors from low-wage countries in Asia and Eastern Europe have significantly improved their technical capabilities, resulting in a more competitive environment. The tool making industry provides its customers with the means to achieve excellence in production due to its unique position in the value chain between product development and the serial production of parts. A tool making company’s ability to improve the efficiency of serial production and develop innovative product design is strongly dependent on its capability of integrating itself into the preceding and following customer processes. Over the last years, customer demands for global sourcing of tools have changed from low prices to the demands of extended tool operating life and high operational availability. European tool making companies have learned to take this development as a chance to differentiate themselves from global competitors and subsequently increase their range of services up- and downstream the value chain. As a result, new industrial product-service-systems (IPS²) for the European tool making industry need to be developed that address the demand of a higher degree of integration into the preceding and following customer processes. Within the German Government founded research project “Smart Tools”, an industrial product-service-system (IPS²) for the tool making industry has been developed based on a modular service-oriented cyber-physical system. Core element of the cyber-physical system is the smart tool – an injection molding tool equipped with state-of-the-art sensor technology to capture data on the condition of the tool during its operational use. Its intelligence derives from the condition based interpretation and data management of the collected process data which is also the basis for the design of customer specific services. Besides the successful integration of force and position sensors into the tool, experimental research has delivered important results on the application of solid borne sound sensors for online early detection of tool wear. An innovative concept for the distribution and interpretation of the process data incorporates the specific requirements of the customers. To cope with the demands of individual and small series production in the tool making industry, a modular sensor kit has been developed together with a diagnostic unit for data interpretation and storage of data in an electronic tool book. The developed modular service-oriented cyber-physical system delivers the means to extended tool operating life and improves the overall efficiency of serial production. Based on the results new business models can be developed for tool making companies to differentiate themselves from global competitors and overcome the challenges of production in high-wage countries.

Industrialisierung im Werkzeugbau – Upgrade 4.0*/Industrialization of tool making: Upgrade 4.0

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 836-842
Author(s):  
W. Boos ◽  
M. Pitsch ◽  
T. Kuhlmann ◽  
C. Kelzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Series Production ◽  
High Wage ◽  
Current Trends

Durch die aktuelle Wettbewerbssituation sind Werkzeugbaubetriebe am Hochlohnstandort Deutschland gezwungen, ihre Wertschöpfungsstrategien zu hinterfragen. Als das Bindeglied zwischen Produktentwicklung und Serienfertigung ist ein Paradigmenwechsel von der Werkstattorientierung zur Industrialisierung Grundvoraussetzung. Gleichzeitig nehmen aktuelle Trends und Herausforderungen entscheidenden Einfluss. Aufgabe und Ziel deutscher Werkzeugbaubetriebe ist deren Interpretation und operative Umsetzung.   In view of the competitive environment in a high-wage country like Germany, tool making companies are forced to reassess their current strategies. Their position between product development and series production basically calls for a paradigm change from craftsmanship to industrialization. Current trends and challenges are also exerting great influence on German tool making companies. Thus, they have to interpret them appropriately before putting them into practice.

Intraindustry trade, high-wage jobs, and the wage gap

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hian Teck Hoon
Keyword(s):  
Wage Gap ◽  
Intraindustry Trade ◽  
High Wage

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of power-operated reapers for harvesting rice at farmers’ field

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Md Ashraful Alam ◽  
Anwar Hossen ◽  
AKM Saiful Islam ◽  
Monjurul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
High Wage ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
User Friendly

Harvesting is one of the major labor intensive works in rice cultivation. Appropriate harvesting machinery is urgently needed to reduce labor and production costs. Production cost of rice becomes high due to labor shortage and high wage rate during harvesting time. Techno-economic performance of Korean self-propelled reaper (KR), China self-propelled reaper (CR) and BRRI reaper (BR) were evaluated in order to identify the field constrains and problems of the reapers at Mithapukur of Rangpur, Bangladesh during Aman season of 2013. The actual field capacities of the KR, CR and BR were found 0.18, 0.17 and 0.15 ha h–1with the corresponding field efficiency of 55, 68 and 56%, respectively. The variation of field capacity among the models was due to turning time losses, weight of the reaper and operator’s skill. The fuel consumption of the reapers was 4.11, 2.61 and 8.39 l ha–1 for KR, CR and BR, respectively. The shattering loss of paddy harvesting was 1.66, 1.50 and 1.45% for KR, CR and BR, respectively. The break-even area of the reapers was 9.15, 7.82 and 8.43 ha yr-1 for KR, CR and BR, respectively. It is evident that the reaper could be used successfully as labor saving and user friendly technology to eliminate post-harvest problems in Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 144-150, April 2018

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