scholarly journals WATERS TOWARDS RICE TRADE FLOW IN 14TH CENTURY OF JAVA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Riza Afita Surya ◽  
Rif'atul Fikriya
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Mainland Southeast Asia ◽  
Rice Trade

Waters as rain, rivers, and seas are one the most common feature found upon Southeast Asian region. It has been establishing this region significantly distinctive along with others. Water is such profound thing everywhere, but it helds most importantly in Southeast Asia Maritime region, with its long shorelines in relation to it landmass, and with the enormous expanses of surrounding Island of Southeast Asia and abutting the shores of Mainland Southeast Asia. Waters in form such rain, rivers, and seas undoubtly giving a certain pattern of social and economical circumstance towards society. Java was known as the biggest rice producer until 19th century, especially manufactured among Javanese kingdoms. Rice had been the trademark of exchange in Java that was contributed across the land overtime. Here, wet rice cultivation has been a typical technique engaged in Java and remains until presents. This article discusses the water impact towards rice trade in Java during 14th century.

scholarly journals SINGAPURA DAN ASEAN: ANALISIS RELASI NEGARA DAN INSTITUSI KAWASAN DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 299-318
Author(s):  
Riska Putri Hariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

Increased interstate connectivity has led to the mobility of the COVID-19 outbreak easily spread throughout the world, including Southeast Asia. This outbreak has a multi-dimension effect that encourages countries to take two possibilities, Collaboration to handle the outbreak or by issuing restrictions as protection measures. Through this paper, the author describes the relations that occur in the Southeast Asian region by analyzing Singapore and ASEAN in the face of the outbreak. This paper argues that Singapore and ASEAN show commitment to the handling of the COVID-19 outbreak through regional cooperation such as the Asean COVID-19 Response Fund and solidarity actions with member countries. COVID-19, Singapura, ASEAN, Regional Cooperation

scholarly journals Areal Typology of Mainland Southeast Asia: What We Learn from the Wals Maps

MANUSYA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Comrie
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The World ◽  
Language Area ◽  
Asian Languages ◽  
Mainland Southeast Asia ◽  
Dividing Line

Mainland Southeast Asia has long been recognized as a classic example of a linguistic area, but earlier characterizations of this language area have typically been intuitive, for instance providing seemingly impressive lists of features known to be shared by Mainland Southeast Asian languages but without considering a list of features on which these languages differ, without explicitly considering the extent to which the features in question are common or rare across the world as a whole. By using the maps in the World Atlas of Language Structures, it is possible to build up a more structured assessment of the extent to which Mainland Southeast Asia constitutes a linguistic area. Many maps show a clear delimitation between Mainland Southeast Asia and the rest of Eurasia, although the precise boundary varies from map to map, as does the presence and location of intermediate zones. The dividing line between Mainland Southeast Asia and Insular Southeast Asia is much less clear-cut, thus providing some evidence for a more general Southeast Asian linguistic area.

scholarly journals What Awaits Myanmar’s Uplands Farmers? Lessons Learned from Mainland Southeast Asia

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Jepsen ◽  
Matilda Palm ◽  
Thilde Bruun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Mainland Southeast Asia

Mainland Southeast Asia (MSA) has seen sweeping upland land use changes in the past decades, with transition from primarily subsistence shifting cultivation to annual commodity cropping. This transition holds implications for local upland communities and ecosystems. Due to its particular political regime, Myanmar is at the tail of this development. However, with Myanmar’s official strategy of agricultural commercialization and intensification, recent liberalization of the national economy, and influx of multinational agricultural companies, the effects on upland land transitions could come fast. We analyze the current state of upland land use in Myanmar in a socio-economic and political context, identify the dynamics in three indicator commodity crops (maize, cassava, and rubber), and discuss the state driven economic, tenurial and policy reforms that have occurred in upland areas of mainland Southeast Asian countries in past decades. We draw on these insights to contextualize our study and hypothesize about possible transition pathways for Myanmar. The transition to annual commodity cropping is generally driven by a range of socio-economic and technical factors. We find that land use dynamics for the three indicator crops are associated with market demand and thus the opening of national Southeast-Asian economies, research and development of locally suitable high yielding varieties (HYVs), and subsidies for the promotion of seeds and inputs. In contrast, promotion of HYVs in marginal areas and without adequate agricultural extension services may results in agricultural contraction and yield dis-intensification. The environmental impacts of the transition depend on the transition pathway, e.g., through large-scale plantation projects or smallholder initiatives. The agricultural development in upland MSA follows a clear diffusion pattern with transition occurring first in Thailand, spreading to Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. While these countries point to prospects for Myanmar, we hypothesize that changes will come slow due to Myanmar’s sparse rural infrastructure, with uncertainty about tenure, in particular in areas still troubled by armed conflicts, and unwillingness of international investors to approach Myanmar given the recent setbacks to the democratization process.

scholarly journals Alasan Pembentukan Kerja Sama ASEAN-Australia dalam Menghadapi Isu Terorisme

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Ervina Fredayani ◽  
Jordan Aria Adibrata ◽  
Naufal Fikhri Khairi
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
National Security ◽  
International Security ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Terrorist Acts

Abstrak Saat ini isu terorisme di Kawasan Asia Tenggara menjadi hal yang cukup penting untuk diperbincangkan, kawasan ini menjadi wilayah yang berpotensi besar akan hadirnya tindak kekerasan terorisme. Kehadiran kelompok islam radikal di Asia Tenggara menjadi faktor utama maraknya ancaman teror yang belakangan ini dirasa cukup meresahkan dan menimbulkan ketakutan terhadap masyarakat sekitar. Adanya hal ini kemudian membuat negara – negara di Kawasan Asia Tenggara bersepakat untuk mengantisipasi penyebaran aksi terorisme dengan menjalin kerja sama dengan Australia. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alasan kerja sama keamanan yang dilakukan oleh ASEAN dengan Australia dalam menghadapi ancaman terorisme, khususnya di Kawasan Asia Tenggara. Penggunaan Konsep Kerja Sama Keamanan Internasional dan Konsep Motivasi Kerja Sama Internasional sebagai alat dalam menjelaskan fenomena yang dikaji. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data, telaah pustaka, buku, artikel, jurnal, dan dokumen – dokumen lainnya untuk dapat menganalisa permasalahan tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa alasan kerja sama keamanan yang dijalin oleh ASEAN dan Australia, meliputi menjaga keamanan nasional dan perdamaian kawasan dari adanya aksi-aksi teror yang melibatkan organisasi-organisasi terorisme. Walaupun masih belum mencapai hasil yang diinginkan, kerja sama yang dijalin oleh ASEAN dan Australia ini diharapkan dapat semakin meningkatkan keamanan regional dari kedua belah pihak. Kata Kunci: ASEAN, Australia, Kerja Sama Terorisme   Abstract At this time the problem of terrorism in the Southeast Asian Region is quite important to discuss, this region is a region with great potential for the presence of acts of terrorism. The presence of radical Islamic groups in Southeast Asia has become a major factor in the emergence of terror threats, which lately is considered quite disturbing and frightening to surrounding communities. This existence then made the countries in the Southeast Asia Region agree to anticipate the spread of terrorist acts by establishing cooperation with Australia. This study aims to determine the reasons for security cooperation undertaken by ASEAN and Australia in dealing with the threat of terrorism, particularly in the Southeast Asian Region. The use of the Concept of International Security Cooperation and the Concept of Motivation for International Cooperation as tools in explaining the phenomenon under study. In this study the authors used qualitative research methods with data collection techniques, literature reviews, books, articles, journals, and other documents to be able to analyze the problem. The results of this study reveal several reasons for the security cooperation established by ASEAN and Australia, including national security and regional peace from acts of terror involving terrorist organizations. Although it has not yet achieved the desired results, the cooperation carried out by ASEAN and Australia is expected to increase regional security from both parties. Keyword: ASEAN, Australia, Terrorism Cooperatio

scholarly journals A HISTORY OF Hadrami COMMUNITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-188
Author(s):  
Imam Subchi
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
History Of

Hadrami-Arabs have played essential roles in Islamisation process across Southeast Asian region. This article diachronically examines the history of Hadrami community and their roles in islamisation. It looks at the dynamics, adaptation, and contestation of Islamisation in the region. This article offers actors-centered accounts of how the Hadrami community contributes to Islamic proselitisation activism (dakwah), politics, and contestation within the community. It further argues that, throughout the history of Hadrami in Southeast Asia, political adaptation and contestation have been essential elements that shape the current Islamic-scape in contemporary Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Women and Terrorism: A Sketch on Women and Transnational Terrorism in Southeast Asia and Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Herdi Sahrasad ◽  
Dedy Tabrani ◽  
Muhammad Ridwan ◽  
Al Chaidar
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Transnational Terrorism ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Asian Region

In Southeast Asia, many women in radical groups have extreme views and they are ready to join Jihadist movement to support her husband's actions as Jihad fi sabilillah.  In this context, experience in Southeast Asia shows the increasing involvement of women in terrorism by reason of following the husband's jihad to fight thogut regimes in the region. Meanwhile, there are a large number of Islamic terrorist organizations involving active women throughout the Southeast Asian region, from Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore to the Philippines.  In this regard, the emergence of ISIS has strengthened and institutionalized acts of terror and violence by Southeast Asian women following the ISIS declaration to establish a regional khilafah (Caliphate). 

An Assessment of the Increasing Risk of Marine Oil Spills and the Existing Preparedness Capabilities in the Southeast Asian Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 856-868
Author(s):  
Geeva Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exploration And Production

ABSTRACT A rapidly growing economy has pushed the energy demands and has significantly increased the exploration and production activities as well as the shipping traffic over recent years in the Southeast Asian Region. Since the introduction of offshore exploration and production in the 1960's, Southeast Asia has gone through a remarkable transition from an onshore to an offshore focused region with more than 80% of oil production coming from offshore fields in 2011. Also the region has recently moved into deepwater exploration and production activities which now makes up more than 10% of the offshore production. With the rising production volumes, the transport of oil products has continuously increased both in volume and in number of ships used. This trend is expected to grow further with the investment in new refinery capacity of several Southeast Asian countries. All these factors have significantly contributed to the increased risk of marine spill incidents in the region. An increased risk of oil spills necessitates an increase in the capability to respond and manage major oil spill incidents. Even though the Southeast Asian region has made some notable progress over the past few decades in terms of oil spill preparedness and response, the region's capabilities are arguably less mature compared to other parts of the world. Most of the countries in the region have been successful in establishing the elements of preparedness advocated by the OPRC (International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness Response and Cooperation) convention. But recent spill incidents and preparedness work in the region have revealed a need for greater collaboration between the government and industry stakeholders from oil, shipping and port industries, planning and preparing of major trans-boundary oil spill incidents and alignment of oil spill preparedness and response system of a country from the national to provincial level. This paper examines the increasing risks of oil spills from the growing vessel traffic and exploration and production activities in Southeast Asia against the current level of preparedness in the region. In doing so, the author will share the experience gained from working on various oil spill response planning and preparedness projects with the Governments and industry in the region with lessons learned, current developments and recommendation for improvements.

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