scholarly journals Papilledema in Space Flight: Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-760
Author(s):  
I. A. Makarov ◽  
S. N. Danilichev
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Medical Consultant ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Nasal Side ◽  
Temporal Side ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

Some Russian cosmonauts in space flight have revealed swelling of the optic nerve head of varying severity. Four clinical cases presented in this article. A quantitative method for the analysis of OCT images of the optic nerve head and the retina has been developed for the diagnosis and monitoring of the optic nerve’s state. This method is quite informative, regardless of the opinion of each specific medical consultant; diagnosis of optic nerve head edema can be performed according to the generally accepted Frisen’s grading, and thus objectify its diagnostic capabilities. In cases when changes in the optic nerve head are not visualized during ophthalmoscopy, quantitative analysis of OCT images allows one to quantify the presence of optic nerve head edema at the subclinical stage. This objective diagnostic method allows us to establish and quantify the amount of industrial activity, which, with edema of the optic nerve because of intracranial hypertension, mostly pronounced on the nasal side of the nerve disc. Determining the thickness of the retina and head of the optic nerve in the nasal side are paramount for monitoring changes in papilledema in dynamics, especially in the subclinical and 0 stage according to Frisen. Quantitative measurements of the optic nerve head in the temporal side are necessary for the diagnosis, developed papilledema and differential diagnosis of 1-2 stages on the Frisen scale. The use of this diagnostic method has the great importance in assessing the influence of various factors of the space flight on the optic nerve head.

scholarly journals Pituitary Tumor Associated with Situs Inversus of the Optic Nerve Head

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
T. David Williams
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Situs Inversus ◽  
Pituitary Tumor ◽  
Retinal Vessels ◽  
Vascular Pattern ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Temporal Side

This report present further developments in a patient with an unusual vas-cular pattern on both optic nerve heads: the trunks of the central retinal vessels appear on the temporal side of the nerve head (situs inversus of the blood vessels of the nerve head). This vascular pattern was also present (to only slightly varying degrees) in all six of his children (two girls and four boys). Twenty-one years after the first presentation of this patient, he de-veloped a non-secretory pituitary tumor. This case suggests that congeni-tal nerve head anomalies may be markers for potential intracranial tumors later in life.

Peripapillary sclera exhibits a v-shaped configuration that is more pronounced in glaucoma eyes

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317900
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Wang ◽  
Tin A Tun ◽  
Monisha Esther Nongpiur ◽  
Hla M Htoon ◽  
Yih Chung Tham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma ◽  
Line Parallel ◽  
Temporal Side ◽  
And Gender

AimsTo compare the shape of the anterior surface of the peripapillary sclera (PPS) between glaucoma and healthy subjects.Methods88 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), 98 primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and 372 age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. The optic nerve head of one randomly selected eye of each subject was imaged with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The shape of the PPS was measured through an angle defined between a line parallel to the nasal anterior PPS boundary and one parallel to the temporal side. A negative value indicated that the PPS followed an inverted v-shaped configuration (peak pointing towards the vitreous), whereas a positive value indicated that it followed a v-shaped configuration.ResultsThe mean PPS angle in normal controls (4.56±5.99°) was significantly smaller than that in POAG (6.60±6.37°, p=0.011) and PACG (7.90±6.87°, p<0.001). The v-shaped PPS was significantly associated with older age (β=1.79, p<0.001), poorer best-corrected visual acuity (β=3.31, p=0.047), central corneal thickness (β=−0.28, p=0.001), peripapillary choroidal thickness (β=−0.21, p<0.001) and presence of POAG (β=1.94, p<0.009) and PACG (β=2.96, p<0.001). The v-shaped configuration of the PPS significantly increased by 1.46° (p=0.001) in healthy controls for every 10-year increase in age, but not in glaucoma groups.ConclusionsThe v-shaped configuration of the PPS was more pronounced in glaucoma eyes than in healthy eyes. This posterior bowing of the PPS may have an impact on the biomechanical environment of the optic nerve head.

scholarly journals Choroidal microvasculature dropout is spatially associated with optic nerve head microvasculature loss in open-angle glaucoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kyung Song ◽  
Joong Won Shin ◽  
Jin Yeong Lee ◽  
Ji Wook Hong ◽  
Michael S. Kook
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Angular Extent ◽  
Choroidal Vessels

AbstractThe presence of parapapillary choroidal microvasculature dropout (CMvD) may affect optic nerve head (ONH) perfusion in glaucoma patients, since parapapillary choroidal vessels provide vascular supply to the neighboring ONH. However, it remains to be determined whether the presence of parapapillary CMvD is associated with diminished perfusion in the nearby ONH. The present study investigated the spatial relationship between CMvD and ONH vessel density (ONH-VD) loss in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). This study included 48 OAG eyes with a single localized CMvD confined to the inferotemporal parapapillary sector and 48 OAG eyes without CMvD, matched for demographic and ocular characteristics. Global and regional ONH-VD values were compared between eyes with and without CMvD. The relationships between ONH-VD outcomes and clinical variables were assessed. ONH-VDs at the inferotemporal ONH sectors corresponding to the CMvD location were significantly lower in eyes with compared to those without CMvD. Multivariable linear regression analyses indicated that a lower inferotemporal ONH-VD was independently associated with CMvD presence and a greater CMvD angular extent (both P < 0.05). The localized presence of parapapillary CMvD in OAG eyes is significantly associated with ONH-VD loss in the neighboring ONH location, with a spatial correlation.

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