Retinopathy of Prematurity. Review

Retinopathy of prematurity (RP) is a complex pathology among prematurely born children, which requires a comprehensive approach, including both prevention of the development of more severe stages of the disease, leading to poor vision and irreversible loss of visual functions, and the organization of dispensary observation and rehabilitation. Modern organization of dispensary observation, which is based on a detailed study of the etiology, pathogenesis, as well as the interaction of local and systemic factors on visual functions, can significantly reduce the visual disability of children as a result of this disease.

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Visual Functions in Children in Remote Postoperative Period after Laser Treatment of Threshold Stages of Retinopathy of Prematurity

Ophthalmology in Russia ◽

10.18008/1816-5095-2018-2s-18-23 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2S) ◽

pp. 18-23

Author(s):

M. V. Pshenichnov ◽

O. V. Kolenko ◽

V. V. Egorov ◽

E. L. Sorokin

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Vision Loss ◽

State Institution ◽

Laser Coagulation ◽

Visual Functions ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Continuous Sampling ◽

High Degree

Purpose.Analysis of visual functions in children in remote postoperative period after laser coagulation (LC) of threshold stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Patients and methods. In 2017, we selected and investigated 18 children, who previously had an LC of threshold stages of ROP in 2008–2009 in the Khabarovsk branch of the S.N. Fyodorov State Institution Eye Microsurgery Complex (continuous sampling method). There were 5 boys and 13 girls aged from 8 to 9 years at the time of LC. Anterior and posterior eye segments of the eyes (biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy), visual acuity, clinical refraction, concomitant pathology were evaluated.Results. We have revealed that regressive ROP after LC is characterized by the presence of serious anatomical and functional changes in the eyes. First, these are refractive disorders, which revealed in 90.5% of cases. Most often revealed: myopic refraction — 61% of all cases, of which more than half (53%) is its high degree; or its combination with compound myopic astigmatism (77% eyes); anisometropia was detected in 39% children. These refractive disorders led to the development of strabismus (61% children) and mixed amblyopia (60%). Despite the combined ophthalmologic pathology, 17% children developed visual functions with achievement of binocular vision, in most children visual functions still continue to develop, although they are not high due to amblyopia. High visual acuity (from 0.8 and above) in both eyes was formed in 22% children; visual acuity in the range of 0.5–0.7 in both eyes was formed in 17% children. Unfortunately, 44.5% children at the time of examination had low visual functions (in the range of 0.05–0.4) in both eyes. Extremely low visual acuity (from 0.01 to 0.04) in both eyes was identified in 11% children; absolute blindness in one of the eyes was in 11% children.Conclusions. LC is reliable way to prevent vision loss from retinal detachment in children with threshold stages of ROP.

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A Long-term Follow-up Study on the Visual Functions in Cicatricial Stage of Retinopathy of Prematurity.

JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL ◽

10.4263/jorthoptic.18.217 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 217-226

Author(s):

Hiroko SUZUKI ◽

Nagisa AKAIKE ◽

Kayoko HARASAWA ◽

Yoshihiro WAKABAYASHI ◽

Tadao AGAWA

Keyword(s):

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Visual Functions ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Long Term Follow Up

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Correlation of central corneal thickness and systemic factors in premature infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity

Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus ◽

10.1016/j.jaapos.2021.08.077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. e20

Author(s):

Yasmin Islam ◽

Wei Xue ◽

Swati Agarwal-Sinha

Keyword(s):

Premature Infants ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Central Corneal Thickness ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Systemic Factors

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Impact of retinopathy of prematurity on ocular structures and visual functions

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2014-306207 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. F179-F184 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Alistair Fielder ◽

Hannah Blencowe ◽

Anna O'Connor ◽

Clare Gilbert

Keyword(s):

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Visual Functions

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Hidden risks of respiratory support in neonates: retinopathy of prematurity

EMERGENCY MEDICINE ◽

10.22141/2224-0586.17.3.2021.234806 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 51-57

Author(s):

A.V. Bolonska ◽

O.Yu. Sorokina

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Weight Control ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Respiratory Support ◽

Visual Disability ◽

Premature Neonates ◽

Caffeine Citrate ◽

Weight Decrease

Background. Retinopathy of prematurity (RP) is the main reason for visual disability in premature survivors. RP increases chances for re-hospitalization and re-admission for special help by 1.5–4 times. It can lead to blindness in childhood. Risk factors for RP are mechanical ventilation and oxygen as well as weight gain problems in the postnatal period. The purpose was to assess the influence of different elements of intensive care on the development of severe RP, particularly, respiratory support strategies. Materials and methods. Simple retro-prospective blind non-randomized trial in two separate medical centers of Dnipro enrolled 122 premature neonates with the gestational age of 28–32 weeks from 2016 till 2020. The endpoint for assessment was the development of moderate and severe RP. We performed a univariate logistic regression analysis to analyze the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for main risk factors. The confidence p level was 0.05. Results. Eighteen percent of premature neonates presented with moderate or severe RP on the 14th day of intensive care according to routine ophthalmologic examination. The moderate and severe RP was associated with an increase in length of noninvasive respiratory care by 4 times (p = 0.01), prolonged conventional ventilation by two-fold (p = 0.33), CPAP length by 4.5 times (p = 0.05), longer usage of additional oxygen (FiO2 > 30 %) by 4 times (p = 0.01). AUC for all these predictors ranged from 0.63 to 0.68. We found the following main predictors of retinopathy. According to statistics, every single day of respiratory support increases the chance of moderate or severe RP by 7–9 % depending on ventilation method, and caffeine citrate usage increases this chance by 6 times. Every 100 g of weight decrease is associated with a 16% increase in RP development risk (p = 0.03). Conclusions. Any respiratory support increases the risk of moderate and severe RP. Thus, the usage of these intensive care modalities can’t be preventive. Attentive modes of weight control should help in the prophylaxis of RP development as well as usual ophthalmologic examinations.

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